Выберите правильный вариант a british word pavement in american english
Методичка для дополнительных занятий по английскому языку с комплексом упражнений на различие британского и американского варианта английского языка.
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The United States of America and The United Kingdom of Great Britain situated in different parts of the world and differ in many ways but these countries have a common language. However, every country has distinctive features of the English language. This language separated in two variants: British and American English.
Here it is presented a teaching aid that will allow you to learn a little more about the language, as well as try to do different kinds of exercises.
1. Differences between British and American English
About countries 3 - 8
1.1 Spelling differences 9 - 11
1.2 Pronunciation differences 12
1.3 Grammar and Usage differences 13 - 14
1.4 Vocabulary 15 - 22
1.5 Phraseology 23 - 30
Bibliography 38 - 39
Before you start studying the differences between American and British English, pay attention to some facts about the countries.
United States Facts
Learn some interesting information about the United States of America.
Read about United States history, its population, states, economy, mountains, rivers, popular sports and much more.
Facts about the U.S.A.
Area (50 states and District of Columbia only):
9,631,418 sqkm
*Note:
Area of China: 9,596,960 sq km
Area of HK: 1,092 sq km
About one-half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of Africa; about one-half the size of South America (or slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than China; about two and one-half times the size of Western Europe.(11)
New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, San Diego, Detroit, Dallas, Phoenix, San Antonio
Canada, Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific Ocean
*Note: World's third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada) and by population (after China and India); Mt. McKinley is highest point in North America and Death Valley the lowest point on the continent.
295,734,134 (July 2005 est.)
English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)
Protestant 52%, Roman Catholic 24%, Mormon 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 1%, other 10%, none 10% (2002 est.) (1)
Answer the questions:
1.The name of the capital of the US?
2.Do you remember when Americans celebrate Independence Day?
3. What is the largest state of America?
4. What is the smallest state of America?
5. Name the largest cities of America.
6. Do you know who the president of USA is?
7. Do you know how many stars are displayed on the American flag?
8. How many stripes are displayed on the American flag?
1. The population of the USA 5 000 000.
2. The most common language is Spanish.
3. National bird isEagle.
4. The USA one-half the size of Russia.
5. National flower is tulip.
Geographic coordinates: 54 00 N, 2 00 W (28)
Land area: 243,000 sq km (93,000 sq miles).
Coastline: 12,429 km
Length: Just under 1,000 km (600 miles) from North to South
Width: About 480 Km from east to west
Land use: arable land:25%
forests and woodland:10%
other:19% (1993 est.)
Natural resource :coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica, arable land
Capital City: London is the capital of the UK and of England. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. Belfast is the capital of Northern Ireland. Cardiff is the capital of Wales.
Main Cities: London, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Cardiff
Official Language: English
Main Religion: Christianity
Highest mountain: Ben Nevis in Scotland, at 1,343m (4,406 ft) above sea level. Lowest Point: The lowest point in the UK is the Fenlands, which is 4 m below sea level.
Longest river: The Severn, 322 km long, which rises in central Wales and flows through Shrewsbury, Worcester and Gloucester in England to the Bristol Channel. (21)
Population of UK: about 59,647,790 (July 2001 est.)
Britain’s climate:Mild, normally not going much below zero even in the depths of winter, and never much above 25 degrees Celsius in summer. Most of the time it is between 10 and 20 degrees Celsius. (22)
Symbols associated with London and England: River Thames
Houses of Parliament
Royal Family – Buckingham Palace
Union Jack (Official flag of UK)
Answer the questions:
1. What is the official language of the UK?
2. What are natural resources have the UK?
3. What are the main cities of UK?
4. What is the main religion?
5. What is the name of highest mountain?
6. What is the name of longest river?
7. What do you know about climate in the UK?
8. What do you associate with the word “the United Kingdom”?
There are some spelling differences in American English. (13)
Look at the following examples:
Example (British - American)
words ending in - re
cent re - cent er
met re - met er
col our - col or
catal ogue - catal og
words ending in - ise/ize
real ise /real ize - real ize
final - l doubled after short vowel
- l not always doubled after a short vowel
trave lled - trave led
mode lling - mode ling
def ence - def ense
lic ence - lic ense
Read the following words, translate and state the British and American variant:
Catalogue, favor, centre, master, recognize, organize, apologize, criticize, apologise, licence, colour, well-done, welldone, makeup, make-up, breakdown, break-down, metre, meter, humour, humor, saltpeter, saltpetre.
Fill in the table:
Choose the correct word in each sentence, using the type of English written at the end of the sentence.
1. I'm really hungry. Could I have (biscuit\cookie) a please? ( British English )
2. You have to visit New England in the (fall\Autumn). The colours are incredible. ( American English )
3.He put the suitcase in the (boot\trunk) of the car and then remembered that he'd forgotten to pack his camera. ( British English )
4.In England people (queue\ stand in line) for the bus while on the Continent everyone just rushes on. ( American English )
5.Someone had turned the (faucet\tap) on and not turned it off. The room was flooded! ( British English )
6.The child ran down the (pavement\sidewalk) in spite of his mother calling for him to stop. ( British English )
7.Let's catch a quick coffee in the (café\diner) before we go to the movies. ( American English ) (12)
8.Would you believe it! All the (gas station\petrol station) have run out of fuel! I waited for more than an hour to fill up but when I got there they had sold out. ( American English )
9.She'd forgotten to send her (mom\mum) a birthday card so had to phone her instead. ( American English )
Complete the American words with the British equivalent
11. mobile phone
Differences in pronunciation between American English (AE) and British English (BE) can be divided into:
- Differences in accent (i.e. phoneme inventory and realisation ). See differences between General American and Received Pronunciation for the standard accents in the United States and Britain; for information about other accents see regional accents of English speakers .(19)
- Differences in the pronunciation of individual words in the lexicon (i.e. phoneme distribution ). In this article, transcriptions use Received Pronunciation (RP) to represent BE and General American and to represent AE. (16)
Many students are confused as to appreciate the difference between accents, and they often speak with a mixed of accents perplexing somewhat a native speaker. The purpose of this article is to study the main differences between British English, as represented by Received Pronunciation (RP), and American English, as represented by General American (GA). This study should help students to correct their pronunciation, be consistent with their accent, and acquire a new pronunciation with fewer traces of their native language. Although our standpoint here is primarily phonetic, British and American English have also been studied from a social and historical standpoint. (18)
The main differences between British English and American English, they can be summarized as follows.
1. The presence of rhotic accent.
2. Differences in vowel pronunciation. The most relevant ones are change of diphthongs.
3. Differences in consonant pronunciation. This mainly involves the different pronunciations of letter t.
4. Change of stress. This comprises the change of stress in French loanwords, and certain suffixes such as -ate and -atory. (5)
5. Differences in articulation. American English has a clear tendency to pronounce unstressed syllables where British English does not show such a disposition. (10)
Watch and listen to the video. Say what you know about differences between American and English pronunciations?
1.3. Grammar and Usage
British English and American English grammar are mostly in agreement; there are however some interesting variations.(20) For example there are differences in certain verb forms. In AE the past tense of fit is fit; in BE it is fitted. Americans say I've gotten to know her well; Britons I've got to know her well. In BE the present perfect tense is used for situations in which AE would typically use the past simple. For example using the words just or already, Britons would be more likely to say: I've just seen him or I've already done it whereas in AE it would be common to hear I just saw him or I already did it. (23)
As another example, Americans are much more likely to be technically correct in the agreement of collective noun and verb form than Britons.(2) So in standard AE it would be: The team is playing well this season whereas in BE it is common and acceptable to say the team is playing well. Similar differences can be seen in the use of words like government, committee etc.: The government is. (AE), the government is. (BE). (4)
The following sentences are typically AE. What would the typical British say?
- Do you have any siblings?
- It is important that she be told.
- The jury has not yet reached its decision.
- Go fetch your book.
- He dove into the water.
- You must come visit me real soon.
There are countless other small and interesting differences between AE and BE which come under the heading of usage. Take the useful expression used in AE through, meaning up to and including. E.g., the exhibition is showing March through June. The equivalent expression in BE is from March to June, but this is ambiguous. Does the exhibition close at the end of May or the end of June? To avoid any misunderstanding, it is necessary to say something like the exhibition is showing from March to the end of June. (8)
As another example: for Americans the number billion has 9 zeros (a thousand million); for most Britons it has 12 zeros (a million million). Zero it is a much more common word in AE than in BE, where naught is more widespread. Americans are likely to say the number 453 as four hundred fifty three, whereas in Britain it would almost always be said four hundred and fifty three. And so on. (3)
Are the following sentences more likely to be said (or written) by an American or a British?
- I'll try and visit you on the weekend.
- Please write me when you arrive.
- Call me as soon as you get there.
- Most everyone has a telephone and a refrigerator these days.
- If you make a mistake, you'll just have to do it over.
- He was born 3/27/1981.
- The soccer team won two to nothing (2-0).
- She arrived at twenty of two.
- The secretary said, "Mr. Clinton will see you soon."
Practical English Usage, M. Swan (1995) , Oxford University Press
The Right Word at the Right Time (A guide to the English language and how to use it) (1985) Readers Digest
Here are some of the main differences in vocabulary between British and American English. This page is intended as a guide only. Bear in mind that there can be differences in the choice of specific terms depending on dialect and region within both the USA and the UK. (14)
. Выберите правильный ответ.
29
1. What's the name of the most famous clock in Britain?
a) Big Albert, b) Big Stephen, c) Big Wren, d) Big Ben.
2. What is soccer?
a) American football b) hockey c) squash d) boat-racing.
3. Who is the head of the state in Britain?
a) Mayor, b) Prime Minister, c) Queen, d) Speaker.
4. What's the name of the London underground?
a) Metro, b) Tube, c) Subway, d) Underground,
5. What was J. Constable?
a) a musician, b) a politician, c) a poet, d) a painter.
6. What monument is there in the centre of Trafalgar Square?
a) Cromwell's statue, b) Nelson's Column, c) Queen's statue, d) Edward Elgar's statue.
7. Where is the official residence of the Queen?
a) Chatham House, b) Regent Palace, c) Westminster Palace, d) Buckingham Palace.
8. What's the name of Sir Churchill?
a) Winston, b) George, c) Christopher, d) Benjamin.
9. For Christmas dinner the English usually have .
a) chicken, b) roast beef, c) fish, d) turkey.
10. What is Eisteddfod?
a) a county, b) a dish, c) a festival, d) a dance.
11. Who wrote "Winnie-the-Pooh"?
a) L. Carroll, b) O. Wilde, c) J.R. Tolkien, d) A. Milne.
12. What is the most ancient monument in Great Britain?
a) the Lower West Gate, b) Stonehenge, c) Hadrian's Wall, d) the Tower Gate.
13. Guy Fawkes is .
a) a national hero of Britain, b) a poet, c) a famous historian, d) the man that wanted to set fire to the
House of Parliament.
14. The telephone was invented by .
a) Isaac Newton, b) Alexander Bell, c) Michael Faraday, d) James Watt.
15. The capital of the USЕis .
a) New York, b) Washington, c) Boston, d) Philadelphia.
16. Elisabeth II lives in .
a) No 10, Downing Street, b) the Tower of London, c) Buckingham Palace, d) Westminster Palace.
17. The traditional English drink is .
a) coffee, b) tea, c) cocoa, d) milk.
18. The capital of Canada is .
a) Ottawa, b) Quebec, c) Toronto, d) Melbourne.
19. The British money is .
a) franks, b) dollars, c) crones, d) pounds.
20. Robin Hood is.
a) a national hero of England, b) a British spy, c) a popular character of novels and tales, d) a famous
writer.
29
1. What's the name of the most famous clock in Britain?-D
a) Big Albert, b) Big Stephen, c) Big Wren, d) Big Ben.
2. What is soccer?-A
a) American football b) hockey c) squash d) boat-racing.
3. Who is the head of the state in Britain?-C
a) Mayor, b) Prime Minister, c) Queen, d) Speaker.
4. What's the name of the London underground?-B
a) Metro, b) Tube, c) Subway, d) Underground,
5. What was J. Constable?-D
a) a musician, b) a politician, c) a poet, d) a painter.
6. What monument is there in the centre of Trafalgar Square?-B
a) Cromwell's statue, b) Nelson's Column, c) Queen's statue, d) Edward Elgar's statue.
7. Where is the official residence of the Queen?-D
a) Chatham House, b) Regent Palace, c) Westminster Palace, d) Buckingham Palace.
8. What's the name of Sir Churchill?-A
a) Winston, b) George, c) Christopher, d) Benjamin.
9. For Christmas dinner the English usually have ..D.
a) chicken, b) roast beef, c) fish, d) turkey.
10. What is Eisteddfod?-C
a) a county, b) a dish, c) a festival, d) a dance.
11. Who wrote "Winnie-the-Pooh"?-D
a) L. Carroll, b) O. Wilde, c) J.R. Tolkien, d) A. Milne.
12. What is the most ancient monument in Great Britain?-B
a) the Lower West Gate, b) Stonehenge, c) Hadrian's Wall, d) the Tower Gate.
13. Guy Fawkes is ..-D.
a) a national hero of Britain, b) a poet, c) a famous historian, d) the man that wanted to set fire to the
House of Parliament.
14. The telephone was invented by ..B.
a) Isaac Newton, b) Alexander Bell, c) Michael Faraday, d) James Watt.
15. The capital of the USA is ..B.
a) New York, b) Washington, c) Boston, d) Philadelphia.
16. Elisabeth II lives in ..C.
a) No 10, Downing Street, b) the Tower of London, c) Buckingham Palace, d) Westminster Palace.
17. The traditional English drink is ..B.
a) coffee, b) tea, c) cocoa, d) milk.
18. The capital of Canada is . A
a) Ottawa, b) Quebec, c) Toronto, d) Melbourne.
19. The British money is . D
a) franks, b) dollars, c) crones, d) pounds.
20. Robin Hood is. A
a) a national hero of England, b) a British spy, c) a popular character of novels and tales, d) a famous
writer.
Robin Hood is.
a) a national hero of England, b) a British spy, c) a popular character of novels and tales, d) a famous
writer.
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Выберите правильный вариант:
a British word ‘pavement’ in American English
- sidewalk
- side line
- side street
Выберите правильный вариант:
a word or phrase that is difficult to say quickly and correctly
- tongue twister
- language twister
- mouth twister
Выберите правильный вариант:
a daily record of events
Выберите правильный вариант:
movement of people or cars along the street
Выберите правильный вариант:
not able to walk normally because of injury or defect
Выберите правильный вариант:
to give somebody hope and confidence
- to encourage
- to encroach
- ) to enclose
Выберите правильный вариант:
to be in a difficult or dangerous situation
- to get into trouble
- to trouble
- to interfere
to get into trouble
Выберите правильный вариант:
to stop attempting to do something
- to give up
- to give away
- to give off
Выберите правильный вариант:
He’s playing first fiddle means he’s … .
- a leader
- a conductor
- a good musician
Выберите правильный вариант:
If you do something at the last moment it means you do it … .
- at the eleventh hour
- at the twelfth hour
- at the tenth hour
at the eleventh hour
Знание английского языка, имеющего статус международного, для современного общества имеет огромное значение. Подобные познания помогают предотвратить языковой барьер, что очень важно для работы с иностранными партнерами. Поэтому важно поощрять студентов, изучающих данный язык на факультетах иностранных языков российских ВУЗов.
Кроме того, любые знания требуют качественной проверки. Онлайн-олимпиады по английскому языку для студентов по системе ФГОС позволят как поощрить талантливых участников, так и проверить их знания.
План подготовки к олимпиадам
Для того чтобы наверняка стать призером какой-либо из всероссийских онлайн-олимпиад муниципального или городского уровня, студенту необходимо подготовиться. Ведь именно своевременная подготовка может обеспечить участнику соревнования заветную победу.
В план подготовки могут входить следующие мероприятия:
- Повторение курса английского языка для школьной программы. Участникам могут понадобиться знания, полученные в средних классах общеобразовательных школ;
- Просмотр фильмов на оксфордском диалекте, который наиболее желателен для изучения англоязычной лексики;
- Участие в языковых курсах, семинарах и дополнительных конкурсах местного характера;
- Общение с англоязычными людьми для развития культуры речи.
Кроме того мы предлагаем ознакомиться с олимпиадами прошлых лет с ответами. Это поможет предварительно оценить свои шансы на победу в аналогичном соревновании.
Олимпиада для студентов на нашем портале
На нашем портале вы сможете пройти уникальное блиц-тестирование в рамках общероссийской онлайн-олимпиады по английскому языку для студентов. Олимпиада проводится всего за 1 тур, в течение которого участникам предстоит ответить на 10 вопросов. Задания олимпиадного тестирования делятся на условные категории:
- Проверка знаний по рассматриваемому предмету в рамках школьной программы;
- Грамматические задания, построение предложений, пунктуация;
- Вопросы, связанные с пониманием речи;
- Проверка углубленных знаний по рассматриваемом предмету.
На тестирование дается всего 30 минут, однако большинство участников справляются с ним гораздо быстрее. В принципе, для студентов языковых факультетов вопросы в нашей онлайн-олимпиаде не представляют особой сложности, поэтому справляются с ними чаще всего за 10-15 минут. Результаты определяются автоматически после завершения тестирования.
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Представляем вашему вниманию вопросы и ответы на конкурс Британский бульдог за 2012-2013 год для 9-11 классов.
Прослушайте текст:
Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct alternatives
1. The young people are going to the … concert.
A) Beatles B) Led Zeppelin C) Guns N’ Roses
2. The concert will take place in … .
A) spring B) winter C) summer
3. … boys want to go to the concert.
A) Five B) Six C) Seven
Как сделать такие снежинки из бумаги - смотрим ЗДЕСЬ.
4. The girls would like to go alone as they think boys … .
A) always misbehave
B) don’t like trips
C) can’t organize transport to the concert
5. Tom considers this concert to be … than the last-year school trip.
A) less important
B) of greater importance
C) more ridiculous
6. Alex’s dad … a transport company.
A) owns
B) is going to buy
C) will drive the boys to
7. Jane agreed to go with the boys because Tom’s arguments were … .
A) violent B) persuasive C) tenuous
8. The girls will get … if the boys go to the concert.
A) embarrassed B) excited C) angry
9. Jane has … extra tickets.
A) three B) four C) five
10. The young man promises to … .
A) drive them all to the concert
B) behave himself
C) kill Jane
Read and decide if the statements are true, false or nothing is known from the text
Maps were made long before reading and writing were invented. The earliest map that we know of is a cave painting in the Lascaux caves in France. The painting shows a part of the summer night’s sky 16,500 years ago. Modern astronomers can still understand the night sky shown in
the map. A four thousand year old map made by the Babylonians is still in existence. Many ancient map-makers thought that the world was flat, but explorers like Magellan in the 15th century sailed around the world and helped to make better maps. Besides, measurements taken by satellites show that our planet is slightly pear-shaped.
Satellites have also provided more accurate information and have helped to see and map parts of the world that were little known or never seen by humans before. Satellites have photographed the Amazon rainforest and have shown that the area the size of twenty football pitches is being cut down every minute. Pictures taken from space have also shown that one of the world’s largest areas of inland water, the Aral Sea, has been shrinking very quickly. Modern satellite
maps show the effects of global warming and pollution and help us to understand the world around us better. More and more drivers nowadays rely on satellite navigation in their cars so the traditional road maps may not be around much longer.
11. Writing was invented a long time after the first map was drawn.
A) True B) False C) Not known
12. The first map was a map of the night sky.
A) True B) False C) Not known
13. The first map was made by the Babylonians.
A) True B) False C) Not known
14. Babylonian map-makers were very rich men.
A) True B) False C) Not known
15. Magellan’s explorations helped the map-makers to improve their maps.
A) True B) False C) Not known
16. Our planet is a perfect sphere.
A) True B) False C) Not known
17. Modern maps are more detailed and accurate.
A) True B) False C) Not known
18. The Amazon rainforest is gradually disappearing.
A) True B) False C) Not known
19. The level of the Aral Sea has been increasing.
A) True B) False C) Not known
20. Soon the traditional printed road maps may be out of use.
A) True B) False C) Not known
Fill in the gaps with the right options
21. Please, remember … English dictionaries tomorrow.
A) to bring B) bringing C) bring
22. … failing the exam was not unexpected.
A) Jim B) Jim is C) Jim’s
23. We saw the man … the house.
A) enter B) entered C) to enter
24. I had the piano … .
A) to tune B) tuned C) tune
25. I’m grateful to him for his … .
A) advices B) advises C) advice
26. I’ll phone you as soon as I … from Mike.
A) ‘ll hear B) ‘ve heard C) heard
27. I wish I … these fashionable clothes.
A) would buy B) could buy C) will buy
28. The text was … difficult for me to understand.
A) too B) enough C) which
29. It wasn’t … for them to go swimming.
A) enough warm B) warm enough C) too much warm
30. Here … the bus!
A) is coming B) come C) comes
Choose the words which correspond to the following definitions or pictures
31. a British word ‘pavement’ in American English
A) sidewalk B) side line C) side street
32. a word or phrase that is difficult to say quickly and correctly
A) mouth twister
B) language twister
C) tongue twister
33. a daily record of events
A) diary B) dairy C) daisy
34. movement of people or cars along the street
A) traffic B) vehicle C) transport
35. not able to walk normally because of injury or defect
A) dumb B) humpy C) lame
36. to give somebody hope and confidence
A) to encourage B) to encroach C) to enclose
37. The flowers in the picture are … .
A) daffodils
B) cornflowers
C) dandelions
38. This sea creature is an … .
A) oyster
B) octopus
C) otter
39. to be in a difficult or dangerous situation
A) to get into trouble B) to trouble C) to interfere
40. to stop attempting to do something
A) to give away B) to give up C) to give off
Dо you know idioms? Choose the necessary words to complete or explain them
41. It happened ‘out of the blue’ means … .
A) it was unexpected
B) it was painful
C) it happened from time to time
42. She has a rosy view of things, she … .
A) is naive B) likes pink colour C) has many rosy things
43. To eat like a bird means … .
A) to eat a lot B) to eat a little C) to eat grain
44. He’s playing first fiddle means he’s … .
A) a good musician B) a conductor C) a leader
45. If you do something at the last moment it means you do it … .
A) at the tenth hour B) at the twelfth hour C) at the eleventh hour
46. To keep fingers crossed means … .
A) to wish good luck B) to envy C) to be angry
47. To work round the clock means to work … .
A) all day B) near the clock C) from time to time
48. Jane knows the subject … .
A) from cover to cover B) inside out C) like hell
49. The rival hit him in the eye, so now he has a … .
A) purple eye B) blue eye C) black eye
50. To catch somebody … .
A) red-handed B) blue-eyed C) short-handed
Help the guide to make up a short excursion, choosing the correct variants
Welcome to The Tower of London!
Let’s go … (51) this path to the main entrance. If you look … (52) you’ll see the Lion Tower where wild animals were kept during the reign of Henry III. Now we are entering the Tower.
… (53) you can see the Traitors’ Gate. Many Tudor’s prisoners entered the Tower … (54) this Gate. Look at this tower … (55) us. This is the Wakefield Tower. This way, please. This is Scaffold Site or the Tower Green, where British nobles were executed by beheading. The Tower Green is located on a space … (56) of the Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula, where Anne Boleyn is buried, but her ghost is said to be walking … (57) the White Tower. Let’s go … (58) the White Tower. If you want to see the Crown Jewels, you should go … (59). They are on display in this yellow building – Waterloo Barracks. But we go this way
and enter … (60) White Tower!
Pavement in British English refers to the surfaced walk for pedestrians beside a street or road (in British English); the American word for this is sidewalk . In American English pavement refers to the surface of a road or street.
What British word refers to the surface of a road or street?
Rover_KE
Senior Member
High on grammar
Senior Member
Scholiast
Senior Member
Or simply, the "road".
"A car left the road and hit a pedestrian on the pavement".
rhitagawr
Senior Member
I can't remember hearing roadway before, but perhaps that's just me. Road is probably as good as anything. You'd tell your child: Walk on the pavement and not on the road. Horseroad is colloquial and would seem quaint these days.
High on grammar
Senior Member
I can't remember hearing roadway before, but perhaps that's just me. Road is probably as good as anything. You'd tell your child: Walk on the pavement and not on the road. Horseroad is colloquial and would seem quaint these days.
Cagey
post mod (English Only / Latin)
Do you have no specific word in BE for the hard surface that covers the road?
In AE, pavement refers to the asphalt or other covering that forms the surface of the road.
We do not use pavement to refer to a gravel road, for instance, or a road whose surface is packed dirt.
entangledbank
Senior Member
If I needed to distinguish a paved (or metalled or made) road from an unpaved one (as I did recently, when the last unpaved road in my neighbourhood was made, to my annoyance, ending a little bit of old-fashioned charm), I'd say the stuff they make the road with is tarmac or at a pinch metalling. Of course normally tarmac refers to that of an airport runway, but it's essentially the same stuff on a suburban street. When they dig up the street or road to do incomprehensible things with the water or gas, we'd normally just say they dig up the road (or street). Again, I wouldn't normally refer to the blackish lumps of stuff they dig up, but I suppose I'd choose to call it tarmac, or of course asphalt, which is the raw substance it's largely made of.
It's not paving or pavement, because that's always discrete blocks or tiles of cement or stone. However, I would call an ordinary road a paved road. This might be a slight misuse on my part, now that I think of it.
Scholiast
Senior Member
"tarmac", of course, but what is meant here is only the "channel for motor vehicles" as opposed to the pavement/sidewalk. We tell our children "Don't step into the road". And of course US "pavement" is as usual closer to the original sense of the Latin pavimentum than BrE would be.
L'irlandais
Senior Member
I would call it the 'carriageway' in UK English. Bear in mind that paved roads for vehicles only became widespread in the post WWI period.
Roadway in BrE refers to the part of the road intended for vehicles, in contrast to the pavement (sidewalk) or verge (nature strip). (As suggested by OP)
The word "thoroughfare" is non-specific, it could be a bridlepath or a motorway. The older distinction between 'highways and Byways' doesn't cover this modern distinction either.
wandle
Senior Member
The road surface may be tarmac (short for 'Tarmacadam', the compound invented by MacAdam) or asphalt (Greek for 'non-slip'), but if unsure what the surface specifically is, we just call it the road surface.
My parents used to tell the story of a Kerryman (in the south west of Ireland) who started his directions to a certain place with the words 'Keep shticking to the tar': that is, 'Keep on along the tarmac road'.
Once when I fell off my bike in London, I was helped by a kindly American who asked with concern, 'Did you fall on the pavement?' Trying to make the gravity of the case clear, I said, 'I fell on the road!'
Only then did it occur to me that that was what he had meant.
Thomas Tompion
Member Emeritus
1. What do we call a road in BE?
2. What do we call the surface of a road in BE?
I shall only address the second question.
We sometimes call that hard surface hard standing, though that may be a generic term for anything really solid underfoot.
The more usual word is tarmac. The Scottish engineer Macadam (1756 - 1836) was important in the history of the development of roads because he devised a system of placing small stones upon larger ones, which, together with the idea of camber, produced roads sufficiently strong to stand up to the passage of horse-drawn vehicles.
With the advent of motorised traffic, macadamised roads were not sufficiently strong and it was found necessary to add tar to bond the mixture, hence tarmac, which is short for tarmacadam.
Two other words are sometimes used:
Aggregate - this is usuallly a mixture of stones bound with concrete, sometimes used to make road surfaces.
Metalling - this is the word used for a road made of stones. The metal or metalling is the whole composition of the road. We talk of a metalled road rather than one which hasn't been reinforced by stones. Most public metalled roads have metalling which is bound by tar, so tarmac is a form of metalling.
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