Oracle linux установка пакетов с диска
rpm -q --qf '%-%-%(%)\n' binutils \
compat-libcap1 \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-devel \
ksh \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
make \
sysstat | grep not
yum install binutils -y
yum install compat-libcap1 -y
yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y
yum install gcc -y
yum install gcc-c++ -y
yum install glibc -y
yum install glibc-devel -y
yum install ksh -y
yum install libgcc -y
yum install libstdc++ -y
yum install libstdc++-devel -y
yum install libaio -y
yum install libaio-devel -y
yum install make -y
yum install sysstat -y
rpm -q --qf '%-%-%(%)\n' compat-libstdc++-33.i686 \
glibc.i686 \
glibc-devel.i686 \
libgcc.i686 \
libstdc++.i686 \
libstdc++-devel.i686 \
libaio.i686 \
libaio-devel.i686 | grep not
yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y
yum install glibc.i686 -y
yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y
yum install libgcc.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++.i686 -y
yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y
yum install libaio.i686 -y
yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y
Опционально можно установить:
yum install libXext -y
yum install libXext.i686 -y
yum install libXtst -y
yum install libXtst.i686 -y
yum install libX11 -y
yum install libX11.i686 -y
yum install libXau -y
yum install libXau.i686 -y
yum install libxcb -y
yum install libxcb.i686 -y
yum install libXi -y
yum install libXi.i686 -y
Для работы с источниками данных ODBC:
yum install unixODBC -y
yum install unixODBC-devel -y
OpenSSH требует, чтобы был установлен пакет zlib-devel,
который содержит заголовочные файлы и библиотеки нужные программам,
использующим библиотеки zlib компрессии и декомпрессии.
This article provides an overview of the rpm and yum commands for installing software packages on Linux, with specific reference to the information needed for the RHCSA EX200 and RHCE EX300 certification exams.
Remember, the exams are hands-on, so it doesn't matter which method you use to achieve the result, so long as the end product is correct.
The rpm command is used to install, update, list and remove software packages. The command expects to be supplied with flags to indicate the mode of operation and one or more package files. Check out the man pages for a list of all the available options. Using the "-i" flag indicates you are attempting an install of one or more packages. The example below attempts to install a package from a CD. Notice wildcards are supported.
The "-U" option uses the supplied packages to update the system. If a package already exists on the system, but the supplied package is newer it will be applied. If the package does not already exist on the system it will be installed.
The "-q" option allows you to query installed packages. You can then erase specific packages using the "-e" option.
The big limitation of the rpm command is it does not handle dependencies for you. If there are missing dependencies, an installation will fail. It is for this reason you will probably prefer to use the yum command described below.
yum-cron
You can choose to download and apply package updates automatically using yum-cron .
If you are using Oracle Linux, you will have to enable to optional repository (ol*_optional_latest) in the "/etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol*.repo" file by switching the "enabled" flag to "1".
Once installed check the "man yum-cron" page for configuration options. Most of the config files are under the "/etc/yum" directory, but depending on your version of RHEL/OL, the main config file may be placed under the same directory, or under the "/etc/sysconfig" directory.
You can choose to download-only, or download and apply the package changes. In newer versions of RHEL/OL, you also get options to specify the types of changes that will be applied, like only critical updates etc. You can also get it to email you when changes have been applied.
Remember, kernel updates will only take effect after a reboot, so you will need to schedule this where appropriate.
База данных Oracle, требует, чтобы в системе были обязательно установлены некоторые компоненты. Пакеты можно скачать с публичного репозитория (из интернет) или взять с диска, на котором и располагается дистрибутив операционной системы.
Должен отметить, что на самом деле, сервер не должен иметь возможность выхода в интернет! Для установки пакетов, нужно поднимать локальный репозиторий и уже с него получать нужные пакеты. Более того, по хорошему, на сервере не должно быть никаких ненужных пакетов.
Инсталляция пакетов из репозитория Oracle Linux в интернете:
Шаг следует выполнять, если в файловой системе нет файла с описанием, где Oracle Linux должен брать нужные пакеты. При установке от и до по этой инструкции, его выполнять не нужно.
3.2 Installing a New Oracle Linux Installation from DVDs or Images
Use the following procedure to install a new Oracle Linux installation and to perform system configuration with the Oracle Preinstallation RPM:
Obtain Oracle Linux either by ordering the Oracle Linux media pack from Oracle Store, or by downloading disk images from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud website for Oracle Linux and Oracle VM.
Oracle Software Delivery Cloud website:
Start the Oracle Linux installation, and respond to installation screens with values appropriate for your environment.
Review the first software selection screen, which lists task-specific software options. At the bottom of the screen, there is an option to customize now or customize later. Select Customize now , and click Next .
On Oracle Linux 7 and Oracle Linux 6, select Servers on the left hand side of the screen, and System administration tools on the right hand side of the screen (options may vary between releases)
The Packages in System Tools window opens.
Select the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM package box from the package list.
If you do not have an Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated package option that is current for your Oracle Database release, because you are using an Oracle Linux installation that is previous to your Oracle Database and Oracle Grid Infrastructure release, then install the RPM for your release manually after completing the operating system install.
Close the optional package window and click Next .
Complete the other screens to finish installing Oracle Linux.
Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations.
Repeat steps 2 through 6 on all other cluster member nodes.
yum Repositories
You can also create a local repository from a distribution DVD, CD or iso file. To do this you will need to mount the DVD, CD or iso file
Next, you can do one of two things.
- Use the DVD directly as a Yum repository.
- Create a new Yum repository by copying the packages off the DVD.
To use the DVD directly, create a file called "/etc/yum.repos.d/dvd.repo" with the following contents, where the "baseurl" points to your DVD mount point.
Import the GPG key from the DVD.
You can now use the DVD as a Yum repository by referencing it using the "--enablerepo" option.
If you want to take the second option and create a new Yum repository by copying the packages off the DVD, create a local directory to hold the yum repository and copy the packages to it.
To create a repository, we need to install the createrepo package, which requires a couple of dependencies.
Now we can create a repository out of the contents of the directory.
To allow the yum command to use the repository, we must create a ".repo" file in the "/etc/yum.repos.d" directory. Create a file called "/etc/yum.repos.d/localrepo.repo" with the following contents.
When using internet repositories, you typically expect the "gpgkey" entry as a security precaution.
You should now be able to use the yum command to install packages.
The yum command allows you to install, update, list and remove packages.
The advantage of yum over the rpm command is it deals with all dependencies for you, prompting you with the required dependencies and the total size of the operation. If you agree, all necessary dependencies will be installed, in addition to your specified package(s).
The main Linux distribution repositories also support package groups, allowing you to install, update or remove entire feature sets using a single command. To check if any groups have been defined in the repository, issue the following command.
You can install, update or remove entire groups of packages as follows.
The "Add/Remove Software" dialog is available from the console menu (System > Administration > Add/Remove Software). Provided you have yum repository available, you can use this tool to install individual packages or package groups.
3.5 Installing the Oracle Preinstallation RPM From DVDs or Images
Use the following procedure to install the Oracle Preinstallation RPM from the Oracle Linux distribution:
Obtain Oracle Linux disks either by ordering the Oracle Linux media pack from Oracle Store, or by downloading disk images from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud website for Oracle Linux and Oracle VM.
Oracle Software Delivery Cloud website:
Start the Oracle Linux installation.
Review the first software selection screen, which lists task-specific software options. At the bottom of the screen, there is an option to customize now or customize later. Select Customize now , and click Next .
Select Base System on the Customization page, in the list on the left side of the screen, and then select System Tools on the right side of the screen. Then click Optional Packages .
The Packages in System Tools window opens.
Select the Oracle Preinstallation RPM package box from the package list, and click Next .
Complete the other screens to finish installing Oracle Linux.
Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations.
Repeat steps 2 through 6 on all other cluster member nodes.
Обновление пакетов
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
Посмотреть пакеты в репозитории можно следующей командой:
Инсталляция всех необходимых пакетов одной командой:
Для версии 12.2 теперь также нужен следующий пакет:
Следующий пакет нужен для старта графической консоли
Дополнительные пакеты, не являющиеся необходимыми для инсталляции базы данных:
3.1 Overview of Oracle Linux Configuration with Oracle RPMs
The Oracle RPMs for your Oracle Linux distributions and Oracle RDBMS releases automatically install any additional packages needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database, and configure your server operating system automatically, including setting kernel parameters and other basic operating system requirements for installation. For more information about what the Oracle RPMs do, refer to the following URL:
Configuring a server using Oracle Linux and the Oracle Preinstallation RPM consists of the following steps:
Install Oracle Linux
Register your Linux distribution with Oracle Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) or download and configure the yum repository for your system using the Oracle Linux yum server for your Oracle Linux release
Install the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM with the RPM for your Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database releases, and update your Linux release.
Create role-allocated groups and users with identical names and ID numbers
Complete network interface configuration for each cluster node candidate
Complete system configuration for shared storage access as required for each standard or Core node cluster candidate.
After these steps are complete, you can proceed to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle RAC
Kernel Updates
Updating the kernel on a system is simple using the yum command. Simply issue the following command and the kernel and all its dependencies will be updated.
The updated version of the kernel will be set as the default in the "/boot/grub/grub.conf" file, so next time the system is booted it will be used.
3.3 Installing the Oracle Preinstallation RPM with ULN support
Use the following procedure to subscribe to Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) Oracle Linux channels, and to add the Oracle Linux channel that distributes the Oracle Preinstallation RPM:
Register your server with Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN). By default, you are registered for the Oracle Linux Latest channel for your operating system and hardware.
Log in to Unbreakable Linux Network:
Click the Systems tab, and in the System Profiles list, select a registered server. The System Details window opens and displays the subscriptions for the server.
Click Manage Subscriptions . The System Summary window opens.
From the Available Channels list, select the Linux installation media copy and update patch channels corresponding to your Oracle Linux distribution. For example, if your distribution is Oracle Linux 5 Update 6 for x86_64, then select the following:
Oracle Linux 5 Update 6 installation media copy (x86_64)
Oracle Linux 5 Update 6 Patch (x86_64)
Start a terminal session and enter the following command as root , depending on your platform. For example:
Oracle Linux 6 and Oracle Linux 7:
You should see output indicating that you have subscribed to the Oracle Linux channel, and that packages are being installed. For example:
Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations.
Repeat steps 1 through 8 on all other servers in your cluster.
Check the RPM log file to review the system configuration changes. For example, on Oracle Linux 5:
3.7 Additional Optional Operating System Configuration Tasks
Complete the following optional configuration tasks:
3.7.2 Configure Additional Operating System Features
As needed, configure the operating system for additional features, such as IPMI or additional programming environments, then review Chapter 4, " Oracle Database Preinstallation Tasks"
3.4 Installing the Oracle Preinstallation RPM From Unbreakable Linux Network
Use the following procedure to subscribe to Oracle Linux channels, and to add the Oracle Linux channel that distributes the Oracle Preinstallation RPM:
Complete a default Oracle Linux workstation installation.
You can download Oracle Linux from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud:
Register your server with Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN). By default, you are registered for the Oracle Linux Latest channel for your operating system and hardware.
Log in to Unbreakable Linux Network:
Click the Systems tab, and in the System Profiles list, select a registered server. The System Details window opens and displays the subscriptions for the server.
Click Manage Subscriptions . The System Summary window opens.
From the Available Channels list, select the Enterprise Linux installation media copy and update patch channels corresponding to your Oracle Linux distribution. For example, if your distribution is Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 for x86_64, then select the following:
Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 installation media copy (x86_64)
Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 Patch (x86_64)
Start a terminal session and enter the following command as root , depending on your platform:
Oracle Linux 6 and Oracle Linux 7:
You should see output indicating that you have subscribed to the Oracle Linux channel. For example:
Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations.
Enter the following command as root to update the sysctl.conf settings:
The RPM packages set the Oracle software user to oracle by default. Before installing Oracle Database, you can update the Oracle user name in the etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.conf file and other configuration files.
Repeat steps 1 through 9 on all other servers in your cluster.
Check the RPM log file to review the system configuration changes. For example, on Oracle Linux 5:
Инсталляция rlwrap
rlwrap - пакет, который позволяет хранить историю команд в SQL*PLUS и RMAN в Linux (его необходимо прописывать отдельной строкой в bash профиле). Установив данный пакет, вы сможете использовать кнопки вверх, вниз для просмотра истории введенных команд, правильную работу команды backspace и др.
Compute instances in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure have access to regional yum servers via the service gateway. Regional yum servers on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure differ from the Oracle Linux yum server in that they also mirror content available on restricted ULN channels.
Yum repository configuration in Oracle Linux typically makes use of a yum variable in the baseurl for managing appropriate yum server access. For example, the baseurl to the _latest repository for Oracle Linux 8 is:
The $ociregion variable can be set by populating content in /etc/yum/vars/ociregion . The $ocidomain variable can be set by populating content in /etc/yum/vars/ocidomain . If the ociregion file does not exist, or the file is empty, the baseurl is usually expanded to point to the publicly accessible Oracle Linux yum server. In the case of a typical Oracle Cloud Infrastructure compute instance, the value of variable is set when the instance is created so that the baseurl is expanded to point to the closest regional yum server on the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure service network. For example, if $ociregion is set to -phx , the baseurl expands to point to the regional yum server located in Phoenix.
By using variables, configuration can remain relatively standard across Oracle Linux deployments but provide access to the additional resources available to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure customers.
To enable access to restricted content on the regional yum servers, ensure that you have installed the appropriate release-el x packages and enabled the repositories that you require access to. For example, on Oracle Linux 8, you can run the following commands to access the ol8_oci_included repository, where tools like Oracle InstantClient, the Oracle Java Development Kit and Oracle Java Runtime Environment are located:
Other ULN channels are also available directly via the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure regional yum servers. For instance, to access the Ksplice channels on an Oracle Linux 7 compute instance, you can do:
Note that most of these channels are installed and available by default in the latest platform images.
For Oracle Linux 7 instances, see Oracle Linux 7: Managing Software for more information.
For Oracle Linux 8 instances, see Oracle Linux 8: Managing Software on Oracle Linux for more information.
Oracle recommends that you install Oracle Linux 7, Oracle Linux 6 or Oracle Linux 5 and use Oracle RPMs to configure your operating systems for Oracle Database and Oracle Grid Infrastructure installations. For Oracle Linux 7 and Oracle Linux 6, run the Oracle Preinstallation RPM. For Oracle Linux 5, run the Oracle Validated RPM.
This chapter contains the following contents:
3.6 Installing Oracle Linux with Oracle Linux Yum Server Support
Use the following procedure to install Oracle Linux and configure your Linux installation for security errata or bug fix updates using the Oracle Linux yum server:
Obtain Oracle Linux DVDs from Oracle Store, or download Oracle Linux from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud:
Oracle Software Delivery Cloud website:
Install Oracle Linux from the ISO or DVD image.
Ensure that the ol release _latest file (for example, ol6_latest for Oracle Linux 6) is enabled, as this is the repository that contains the Oracle Preinstallation RPM.
(Optional) Edit the repo file to enable other repositories. For example, enable the repository ol6_UEK_latest by setting enabled=1 in the file with a text editor.
Run the command yum repolist to verify the registered channels.
Start a terminal session and enter the following command as root , depending on your platform. For example:
Oracle Linux 6 and Oracle Linux 7:
You should see output indicating that you have subscribed to the Oracle Linux channel, and that packages are being installed. For example:
Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations.
After installation, run the command yum update as needed to obtain the most current security errata and bug fixes for your Oracle Linux installation.
3.7.1 Configure Oracle Ksplice Repository for Oracle Linux
Complete the following task to register your system with Ksplice
Check for your kernel distribution at the following URL:
Ensure that you have access to the Internet on the server where you want to use Ksplice. For example, if you are using a proxy server, then set the proxy server and port values in the shell with commands similar to the following:
Download the Ksplice Uptrack repository RPM package:
Run the following commands:
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