Victoria barracks что это
Windsor began as a Saxon village. The name Windsor is believed to be a corruption of the Saxon words ‘windlass Oran’ meaning a bank with a windlass. After the Saxons founded the settlement it grew into a town because of its position by a river. In those days it was expensive to transport goods by land. It was cheaper to transport them by river. The Thames was an important artery between London and the heart of England. It was inevitable that a town would grow up on the site of Windsor.
By the time of the Domesday book (1086) Windsor was a small town it probably had a population of only a few hundred, which seems very small to us but settlements were very small in those days. A typical village only had about 100 to 150 inhabitants. William the Conqueror took Windsor as his own property. There was already a royal palace in the town. Windsor was near a forest where the king could go hunting and it was near a river that could be used for transport so the king liked it.
The original settlement was at Old Windsor but William built a castle on an escarpment at Clewer. Windsor Castle would have a large staff of defenders and servants and provided a market for the people’s goods. So it stimulated the growth of Windsor. Soon the townspeople began to move to be nearer the castle and a new settlement grew up around it.
At first Windsor Castle was made of wood but in the 12th century, it was rebuilt in stone. Windsor castle was strengthened and improved by Henry II (1154-1189) and Henry III (1216-1272).
Medieval Windsor was run by an official called a bailiff, on behalf of the king. In 1212 the people of Windsor were ordered to provide 10 armored men to serve the king. During the 13th century, Windsor grew in size and importance.
In 1277 Windsor was given a charter. This was a document granting the townspeople certain rights. The charter granted the merchants the right to form a guild, an organization that looked after their interests and regulated trade in the town. Windsor had a weekly market and from 1350 Windsor also had 2 fairs. A fair was like a market but was held only once a year and would attract buyers and sellers from all over Berkshire.
In the 15th century, Windsor entered a recession and seems to have gone into decline. Nevertheless in 1467 Windsor government was reformed and it was given a proper corporation. From then on Windsor had a mayor and 2 bailiffs to assist him.
From the late 12th century there was a leper hospital outside Windsor. n In the 16th century prosperity returned to Windsor. Three Tuns pub was built in 1518. St Georges Chapel in Windsor Castle was begun in the reign of Edward IV (1442-1483) but it was completed in 1528 during the reign of Henry VIII.
From 1585 the inhabitants of Windsor were required by law to pave the streets in front of their houses. Whether they actually did so is doubtful!
Tudor Windsor would have been filthy. Like all towns in the 16th century and 17th century Windsor suffered from outbreaks of plague. There was a severe outbreak in 1603. Afterward, a pest house was built where victims could be isolated and looked after. There was another outbreak of plague in Windsor in 1624-25.
In 1635 the residents of Windsor were forbidden to let their pigs wander the streets! (That was a common practice at that time as the pigs would eat offal and other rubbish people threw in the streets).
In 1636 an existing settlement in Connecticut was renamed Windsor.
In 1642 civil war between the king and parliament began. Parliamentary troops were sent to occupy Windsor. The royalists made one attempt to take the town and castle in October 1642 but failed. Windsor remained in parliamentary hands until the end of the war in 1646. After his execution in 1649 Charles, I was buried in Windsor Castle.
By the late 17th century the population of Windsor had probably exceeded 2,000, by the standards of the time, it was a respectably sized town. Meanwhile, in 1673 the first stagecoach service from Windsor to London began. Burford House was built c. 1677. In 1689 a new Guildhall was built in Windsor. Frogmore House was built in 1680.
At the end of the 17th century Celia Fiennes, a travel writer, said: ‘Windsor town looks well, the streets large, the guildhall on stone pillars. From there the streets run along to the bridge over the Thames’.
During the 18th century, Windsor continued to be a market town. In 1725 a charity school was built in Windsor for poor boys. In 1733 a workhouse was built for the destitute. As the name suggests the able-bodied were expected to work.
In 1764 an existing French settlement in Canada was renamed, Windsor.
In the 18th century, Windsor was improved by an act of Parliament of 1769, which set up a body of men who were responsible for paving, cleaning, and lighting the streets. Previously residents were supposed to pave the street in front of their house and hang out a candle during the winter. How many actually did so is not known!
From 1769 the streets of Windsor were properly paved and lanterns were hung out during dark winter nights. Six night watchmen were appointed to patrol the streets at night. Despite these improvements, there was a great deal of poverty and slum housing in Windsor in the 18th century, as there was in all towns.
Meanwhile, Windsor gained its first theatre, Theatre Royal, in 1793.
Рекомендации
- ^"ВОЕННЫЕ БАРРАКИ". Возраст (2, 390). Виктория, Австралия. 24 июня 1862 г. с. 6 . Получено 12 мая 2017 - через Национальную библиотеку Австралии. , . Военные казармы на дороге Сент-Килда, строительство которых было начато около пяти лет назад .
- ^«Дома наследия Австралийских сил обороны - Новый Южный Уэльс» (PDF) . Защита жилищного строительства Австралии. Архивировано из оригинал (pdf) 27 марта 2011 г. . Получено 7 мая 2011 .
Пост-федерация
После федерации в 1901 году контроль над территорией перешел к недавно образованной Австралийская армия. При наращивании сил до и во время Первая мировая война, казармы пережили второй великий период расширения. Он служил штаб-квартирой во время Вторая мировая война, хотя его значение уменьшилось с появлением Казармы Эноггера. [2]
внешняя ссылка
Примечание: сюда входят ориентиры в Центр Мельбурна и его непосредственное окружение, а не Большой Мельбурн территория города
Victoria Barracks is an Australian army base located in Sydney, and one of the best displays of military architecture across the country. Interestingly, the barracks were designed by Lt-Col George Barney, the man behind the spectacular design of the popular attraction, Fort Denison.
Most of the construction of the barracks was done using sandstone that was obtained locally; lasting between 1841 and 1849.
History
Original Officers' Quarters, Victoria Barracks
The Guard House
The Regency style Main Barracks building was constructed of Hawkesbury sandstone by British Army. The British troops vacated the Barracks in 1870. The Barracks was the premier military training site in Australia for many years, from its completion until after Federation in 1901.
The Bungalow was built in 1847 as the Barrack Master's Residence. The Garrison Hospital was built in 1845 to accommodate 36 patients. During the 1930s it was converted into an Officers' Mess.
The gate on Oxford Street is referred to as the Queen Victoria Gate while the gate on Moore Park road is known as the Convict Gate. Busby's Bore , was Sydney's second water supply, built by convicts between 1827 and 1837. An access shaft is located at the museum.
For a brief period during the 1930s Victoria Barracks was home to the Royal Military College, Duntroon, when the College was forced to close its buildings in Canberra and relocate to Sydney due to the economic downturn caused by the Great Depression. [1]
История
Содержание
После Второй мировой войны
Victoria Barracks Melbourne в настоящее время вмещает:
- Отдел земельных систем (LSD) Группа приобретения возможностей и поддержки
- Десять офисов системных программ (SPO) (бизнес-единицы) LSD
- Элементы Объединенного логистического командования (JLC)
- Elements of Estate and Infrastructure Group (E&IG)
- Старший морской офицер - Виктория (СНО-Вик)
Необоронительные организации в казармах Виктории включают:
- Библиотека Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) в B-Block
- Ассоциация социального обеспечения сил обороны (DFWA) в H-блоке
- Подрядчики Broadspectrum Defense, оказывающие услуги по поддержке Defense
- Австралийский военный банк в H-блоке
- Defense Bank в H-Block
- Отряд федеральной полиции Австралии
Ряд объектов в казармах Виктории назван в честь известных военных событий, людей или мест. К ним относятся:
- Аудитория Шеддена (в честь сэра Фредерик Шедден)
- Военный кабинет (использовался как главный конференц-зал военного кабинета Второй мировой войны)
- The Blamey Room (после фельдмаршала сэра Томас Блейми GBE, KCB, CMG, DSO, ED)
- Зал Треско (после Tresco Estate, то Королевский военно-морской флот Австралии премьер резиденция в Сидней) [2]
Бывший Поликлиника Комиссии по репатриации построен до Вторая мировая война был передан Министерству обороны в 1975 году и использовался как Агентство технического обслуживания (MEA) до декабря 1995 года. Бывшая клиника репатриации пустовала с 1995 года. В 2016 году Австралийская лейбористская партия (ALP) опубликовала политику по превращению клиники в Австралийский национальный центр искусств ветеранов (ANVAC) после лоббирования со стороны Австралийского национального музея искусств ветеранов (ANVAM). В Министерство обороны указали, что в 2016 году бывшая клиника репатриации будет продана, а позже указали, что ведутся переговоры о передаче собственности Правительство штата Виктория. Когда правительство штата указало, что оно не заинтересовано в приобретении участка в 2019 году, городские власти начали новую линию расследования, если Мельбурн приобретет участок.
Сегодняшний день
Сегодня это место все еще занято армией. Музей казарм Виктории расположен на этом месте и содержит большую коллекцию реплик и медалей за службу, освещающих участие армии в англо-бурская война, Первая Мировая Война и Вторая Мировая Война. [3]
Расположен на St Kilda Road в Мельбурн, Австралия, Victoria Barracks Мельбурн имеет архитектурное и историческое значение. Это одно из самых впечатляющих правительственных зданий XIX века в Виктория, Австралия.
Содержание
Вторая Мировая Война
В течение Вторая Мировая Война, Виктория Казармы Мельбурн разместила австралийский Военный кабинет. В военный кабинет вошли высокопоставленные депутаты от правительства и оппозиционных партий. Секретариат обороны занимал второй этаж «Нового крыла блока», где также находился кабинет старшего военного персонала, секретаря министерства обороны (Сэр Фредерик Шедден), посещение государственных министров и их секретарей и вспомогательный персонал, а также комнату военного кабинета. Премьер-министры военного времени (Роберт Мензис и позже Джон Кертин) также имел офисы рядом с Военным кабинетом на протяжении всей войны.
Эрик Нейвкриптографическое подразделение ВМФ находилось в казармах Виктории, пока не переехало в ФРУМЕЛЬ.
Миф гласит, что у генерала США Дугласа Макартура был офис в казарме, однако это неверно, поскольку его штаб находился в казарме. Отель Австралия в центральном деловом районе Мельбурна. [ нужна цитата ] Это было на самом деле Генерал сэр Томас Блейми штаб-квартира которого находилась в казармах, когда он служил главнокомандующим австралийскими вооруженными силами и одновременно выполнял международное командование в качестве главнокомандующего сухопутными войсками союзников в юго-западной части Тихого океана под командованием Макартура.
Довоенная война
Первоначально построенный для размещения войск британского имперского гарнизона, включая 12-й и 40-й пехотные полки, которые участвовали в уничтожении вооруженных сил. Eureka Stockade восстание в Балларате, Виктория, а затем в колонии колониальных сил Виктории. В казармах размещалось Министерство обороны с момента создания Австралийского Союза (Федерации) в 1901 году до 1958 года, когда Министерство обороны переехало в новые офисы Рассела в Канберре. Самое раннее здание (блок G) в казармах Виктории было построено солдатами 40-го полка под наблюдением королевского инженерного офицера с 1856 по 1858 год, в то время как остальные здания были построены гражданскими подрядчиками, а оригинальные здания из голубого камня строились между 1856 и 1872 гг. Большая пристройка (новое крыло A Block) была добавлена для размещения штаб-квартиры Министерства обороны в 1917 году, и хотя она выглядела как оригинальное здание A Block, метод строительства и интерьер были полностью современными для того времени.
В 1936 году Комиссия по репатриации взяла под свой контроль участок земли на углу ул. St Kilda Rd и Ковентри-стрит, чтобы создать Поликлиника Комиссии по репатриации, который открылся 15 ноября 1937 года. Дневная клиника была спроектирована архитектором Содружества Джорджем Халлендалом в Арт-деко стиль для Мировая война 1 ветераны.
Еще одно современное для того времени здание в стиле ар-деко (блок M) было добавлено в 1939 году, и пол стал первой непрерывной бетонной заливкой в Австралии. Казармы названы в честь Королева Виктория. Есть также казармы Виктории в Сиднее и Брисбене.
Колониальная эпоха
После отделения Квинсленда от Новый Южный Уэльс В 1859 году новое правительство столкнулось с проблемой: в новой колонии не было постоянного военного присутствия. Было принято решение установить постоянное присутствие на территории, известной как «Зеленые холмы». Строительство новых «Казарм Зеленых холмов» началось в 1864 году. Первоначально казармы состояли из караульной, казарменной и офицерских помещений. Первым отрядом, занявшим новые казармы, был отряд из 12-й (Восточный Суффолк) пеший полк. Хотя в последующие годы казармы расширились и стали включать военный госпиталь и магазин, гарнизон сократился в основном из-за последствий войны. Войны маори. Следующий и последний британский отряд прибыл из 50-й (Королевский) пехотный полк. После ухода британских войск казармы были заняты полиция с 1870 по 1885 год. Растущие колониальные силы Австралии привели к тому, что казармы были снова заняты военными. Именно в это время было принято название «Казармы Виктории» в честь правящий государь. Он служил штаб-квартирой Силы обороны Квинсленда. [1]
Modern Windsor
In 1801 at the time of the first census, the population of Windsor was 3,361 making it a fair-sized town. Windsor grew rapidly in the 19th century. By 1851 it was 6,734 and by the end of the century, the population of Windsor had passed 9,000.
In 1810 another Windsor was founded in New South Wales. In 1836 another settlement in Canada was renamed, Windsor.
During the 19th century, Windsor remained a market town. The industrial revolution, which transformed other towns largely passed Windsor by. However, in the 19th century, there were some improvements in Windsor. In 1818 a dispensary was founded where the poor could obtain free medicines.
A cast-iron bridge over the Thames was built in 1824. Gas street lighting was introduced in Windsor in 1827 and a railway from London reached Windsor in 1844.
Combermere barracks were first built in 1805. It was rebuilt in 1853. Victoria barracks was built in 1853.
In 1901 the population of Windsor was about 9,500. It was a small town dominated by the castle but it grew much larger during the 20th century. In 1932 Sir Eric Savill laid out 35 acres of gardens. The new gardens were named after him. The King George V Memorial was erected in 1937. St Georges Chapel was restored in 1922-23. In 1992 Windsor Castle suffered a fire. However, by 1997 the damage had been repaired.
At the beginning of the Second World War, it was assumed Windsor would be safe from bombing as it was not a manufacturing center. Many evacuees were sent to the town but most of them soon went home. However, Windsor was not entirely spared by the Germans.
Windsor has never been a manufacturing center. Today industry in the town is dominated by tourism and by banking and finance. There are also computer companies and a pharmaceuticals industry. However many of the people in Windsor commute to Slough or London.
The Household Cavalry Museum opened in 1964. Then in 1974 local government was reformed and Windsor was joined with Maidenhead. King Edward Court was built in 1979 and Royal Station shopping centre was built in 1997.
Виктория Казармы является Австралийская армия база в Брисбен пригород Petrie Terrace в Квинсленд.
Contents
Victoria Barracks, Sydney Address, Contact Details & Parking Map, NSW
After the construction period, British troops lived at the barracks until 1870 when colonial forces took over. In 1901, the barracks were home to part of the military tasked with administration and coordination. From 1931, different institutions were housed at the barracks. Today, Victoria Barracks is home to the Headquarters of Forces Command.
The heritage-listed site is home to one of the most important groups of Edwardian military buildings, as well as the Army Museum of New South Wales. The Army Museum, which is open to the public, is housed in the original Military Prison built in 1847. The 25-cell prison features different collections and memorabilia from the colonial era through the various wars. This is a fascinating way to learn more about the country’s military past, as well as to honour the memories of departed soldiers.
Look out for collections from three crucial wars; including the Boer War, World War 1 and World War 2. You will also come across different medals; such as the Military Crosses, the Campaign medals, as well as Royal Honours.
A tour of the barracks is not complete without learning about the ghost who haunts the prison. It is believed that the ghost of Charlie the Redcoat, who met his death during incarceration, roams the prison!
Tours of the Army Museum at Victoria Barracks are led by the Corps of Guides once a week, as the museum is only open on Thursdays from 10am to 12:30pm. For those who would like a weekend tour, it is advisable to make bookings for the first Sunday of the month when the museum is open between 10am and 3:30pm – by appointment only.
Other attractions close to Victoria Barracks include the Sydney Cricket Ground, the Sydney Football Stadium, as well as Moore Park.
Victoria Barracks is an Australian Army base in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Victoria Barracks is located in the suburb of Paddington, between Headquarters Training Command. The Army Museum of NSW is housed in the original District Military Prison, constructed in 1847. It is open to visitors on Thursday from 10:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. and the first Sunday each month (by appointment) from 10:00 a.m. until 3:30 p.m. The museum is closed during December and January. Tours of the Barracks precinct are conducted by the Corps of Guides on Thursdays starting at 10:00 a.m.
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