Automation framework detected что это
I am testing an application which loads a powerpoint (.ppt or .pptx) file insert it. Application gives same look an feel like powerpoint with some extra setting when the file is loaded inside the application. When I try to automate the application, I click a button to load the powerpoint file into the application. After the loading process white framework fails to continue playback.
When I restart the same test again I got "NonComVisibleBaseClass was detected" exception.
I can only continue my testing after restarting the entire application. Does anyone face this kind of issue? your answers will really helpful to continue my testing.
2 Answers 2
- Navigate to Debug->Exceptions.
- Expand "Managed Debugging Assistants"
- Uncheck the NonComVisibleBaseClass Thrown option.
- Click [Ok]
Thanks for your answer,but I have tried it. Now there is no "NonComVisibleBaseClass was detected" exception but now I got "Null reference Exception". This only happens once the button click loads the powerpoint slides inside the application.
I think that you should add waiters (simple variant is Thread.Sleep(1000)) into some places. This exception could happen if you trying to click on the button that is not appeared yet (e.g. myButton.Click()).
OK,but when I click the button it loads the new window. After that tests getting fail. Is there any possibility what application status (internal process changes) does not support for testing after PowerPoint loads inside the application.
According to my analysis I found that,after PowerPoint loads inside the application all the controls are change to "custom controls". Is there any way to handle custom controls inside White framework?
@S.Roshanth: I'm also facing same issue while identifying the control using UI Automation. Can you please let me know if you got any solution for this issue. After Unchecking the NonComVisibleBaseClass Thrown option, i also started getting Null reference exception. I'm trying to identify Excel Addin controls in Excel 2019. Previously we were using excel 2016 and same controls were identified using UI Automation but after migrating to excel 2019. now this control are throwing error "NonComVisibleBaseClass was detected".
I stumbled upon this page after having the same problem. Although I'm not sure this solution may help you it helped me and maybe can be useful to someone else.
My WPF application needed to run with elevated privileges and if I tried to run VS without elevated privileges my tests broke with the aforementioned error. What I did was simply restar VS as Administrator and the tests started working.
One thing I noticed was that when I was running without elevated privileges the Window.Framework was 'Win32' and the Window.Items was empty. After running VS as Administrator The Framework propery was 'Wpf' and the Items list was filled correctly. I don't know what is the real cause of the problem here. But it worked for me and maybe it'll work for someone else.
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- This document contains all information related to any questions that can be asked about common automation frameworks.
Maven is a powerful project management tool that is based on POM (project object model).
It is used for projects build, dependency and documentation.
Some features of Maven include:
- Easily build a project.
- Easily add jars and other dependencies required.
- Easily hook up source control.
Maven comes preinstalled with most IDEs.
- In order to make your project a maven project, create the project in the IDE's GUI and select Maven project .
POM file is the Page Object Model file that is written in XML.
It contains information related to the project:
It contains dependency information:
It contains configuration information
Build Life Cycles, Phases and Goals:
A build life cycle consists of a sequence of build phases, and each build phase consists of a sequence of goals.
Maven command is the name of a build life cycle, phase or goal.
validate - validate the project is correct and all necessary information is available
compile - compile the source code of the project
test - test the compiled source code using a suitable unit testing framework. These tests should not require the code be packaged or deployed
package - take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR.
integration-test - process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run
verify - run any checks to verify the package is valid and meets quality criteria install - install the package into the local repository, for use as a dependency in other projects locally
deploy - done in an integration or release environment, copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects.
Bug Reporting / Bug Tracking
- Bug Reporting/ Bug Tracking is the process of capturing, reporting, and managing data on bugs that occur in software (also called errors and exceptions).
- The goal is to maintain high product quality, using two types of services: task management systems and bug capturing tools.
- Project or task management systems are used as a large-scale overview of the project.
- Beyond merely tracking the progress of bug fixes, they provide insights into the performance of the development team in how efficiently they are able to handle bugs, and building new features along the side.
Jira is project management software that has the ability to track bugs.
- Planning
- Scrum
- Kanban
- Mixed
- Features
- Bugs
Every feature that needs to be built is represented as an Epic.
Each Epic is broken down into smaller items such as User Stories and Issues.
- Bugzilla is a defect-tracking system (bug-tracking system)
- This allows teams of developers to keep track of bugs, problems, issues, and other change requests.
- Defect-tracking is built into source control management environments but often times businesses will outgrow the abilities of these systems.
- Benefits include:
- Being completely free.
- In active development
- Has workflow management built in.
- Bug visibility control.
- Custom fields.
CI is continuous Integration a development practice that requires developers to integrate code into a shared repository several times a day. Each check-in is then verified by an automated build, allowing teams to detect problems early.
- Developers check out code into their private workspaces
- When done, commit the changes to the repository
- The CI server monitors the repository and checks out changes when they occur
- The CI server builds the system and runs unit and integration tests
- If the build or tests fail, the CI server alerts the team
- The team fixes the issue at the earliest opportunity
- Continue to continually integrate and test throughout the project
- Check in frequently
- Don’t check in broken code
- Don’t check in untested code
- Don’t check in when the build is broken
- Don’t go home after checking in until the system builds
CD is Continuous Delivery is the application development discipline that takes Agile to it's logical conclusion: creating software that is always ready to release.
Release management describes the steps that are typically performed to release a software application, including building and functional testing, tagging releases, assigning versions, and deploying and activating the new version in production.
Jenkins provides many plugins that support building, deploying, and automating any project.
It can be used as a simple CI server or turned into the continuous delivery hub for any project.
- Easy to install
- Easy to configure
- Easy to use
- Extensible
- Work can be distributed across multiple machines
We have a Git repository where the development team will commit the code. Then, Jenkins takes over from there, a front-end tool where you can define your entire job or the task.
From Git, Jenkins pulls the code and then Jenkins moves it into the commit phase, where the code is committed from every branch.
The build phase is where we compile the code. If it is Java code, we use tools like maven in Jenkins and then compile that code, which can be deployed to run a series of tests.
- Bamboo is a continuous integration server that can be used to automate the release management for a software application, creating a continuous delivery pipeline.
- Browser Stack is a cloud web and mobile testing platform that enables developers to test their websites and mobile applications across on-demand browsers, operating systems and real mobile devices, without requiring users to install or maintain an internal lab of virtual machines, devices or emulators.
- Users can choose from more than 1,200 on-demand real mobile devices, browsers and operating systems and rely on a secure, stable and scalable infrastructure to support thousands of concurrent manual and automated tests.
- Selenium is used to automate browsers.
- It is primarily used for automating web applications for testing purposes.
- WebDriver is a compact Object Oriented API that builds off of Selenium 1.0
- It drives a browser natively as a user would either locally or on a remote machine using Selenium Server.
- Selenium-Grid allows you run your tests on different machines against different browsers in parallel.
In order to start using Selenium with Java, the Selenium package must be imported:
The package contains Firefox, Chrome, Edge, Internet Explorer, and Safari drivers and options.
- .manage()
- timeouts()
- pageLoadTimeout()
- implicitlyWait()
- setScriptTimeout()
- addCookie()
- deleteCookie()
- deleteCookieNamed
- getCookieNamed()
- getCookies()
- fullscreen()
- getPosition()
- getSize()
- maximize()
- setPosition()
- setSize()
- .getTitle()
- .get()
- .getCurrentUrl()
- .getPageSource()
- .getWindowHandle()
- .getWindowHandles()
- back()
- forward()
- refresh()
- to()
- activeElement()
- alert()
- defaultContent()
- frame()
- parentFrame()
- window()
- There are 8 ways of locating an element on a webpage.
- An element can be something like the login button or an image or even a
- ID: driver.findElement(By.id("menu"));
- Name: driver.findElement(By.name("home"));
- Link Text: driver.findElement(By.linkText("Read on Wikipedia"));
- Partial Link Text: driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Wikipedia"));
- Tag Name: driver.findElement(By.tagName("div"));
- Class Name: driver.findElement(By.className("container-top"));
- CSS: driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".top-menu>li"));
- Xpath: driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='top-menu']/li"));
- XPath stands for XML Path Language.
- XPath uses "path like" syntax to identify and navigate nodes in an XML document.
- XPath can be used to navigate through elements and attributes in an XML document.
- Absolute Path - this type of XPath starts at the root of the document and starts with a single "/" slash.
- Relative Path - this type of XPath starts at the element that you specify and starts with two "//" slashes.
- In XPath, there are seven kinds of nodes:
- element: driver.findElement(By.xpath("//li")); // Anything with an opening tag such as
- attribute: driver.findElement(By.xpath("//title[@*='en']")); // Anything with an attribute such as
- text: driver.findElement(By.xpath("//li[text()='Data']"));
- namespace
- processing-instruction
- comment driver.findElement(By.xpath("/table/length/following::comment()[1]")); // Table has child length and right after length there is a comment. This xpath finds the element length then looks right after the element to find the first comment.
- document nodes
- In Xpath, an axis represents a relationship to the context (current) node, and is used to locate nodes relative to that node on the tree.
- ancestor - Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node
- ancestor-or-self - Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) of the current node and the current node itself
- attribute - Selects all attributes of the current node
- child - Selects all children of the current node
- descendant - Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node
- descendant-or-self - Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node and the current node itself
- following - Selects everything in the document after the closing tag of the current node
- following-sibling - Selects all siblings after the current node
- namespace - Selects all namespace nodes of the current node
- parent - Selects the parent of the current node
- preceding - Selects all nodes that appear before the current node in the document, except ancestors, attribute nodes and namespace nodes
- preceding-sibling - Selects all siblings before the current node
- self - Selects the current node
Operator Description Example ``` ``` Computes two node-sets + Addition 6 + 4 - Subtraction 6 - 4 * Multiplication 6 * 4 div Division 8 div 4 = Equal price=9.80 != Not equal price!=9.80 Less than price Less than or equal to price > Greater than price>9.80 >= Greater than or equal to price>=9.80 or or //price[text()='29.99' or text()='30.00'] and and //price[text()='29.99' and text()>='25'] mod mod 5 mod 2 - Some common exceptions include:
- ElementNotVisibleException: Although an element is present in the DOM, it is not visible (cannot be interacted with). For example: Hidden Elements – defined in HTML using type=”hidden”.
- ElementNotSelectableException: Although an element is present in the DOM, it may be disabled (cannot be clicked/selected).
- NoSuchElementException: Webdriver is unable to identify the elements during runtime, i.e. FindBy method can’t find the element.
- StaleElementReferenceException: The referenced element is no longer present on the DOM page (reference to an element is now Stale). For example: the element belongs to a different frame than the current one OR the user has navigated away to another page.
- TimeoutException: The command did not complete in enough time. E.g. the element didn’t display in the specified time. Encountered when working with waits.
- Web based stuff only, doesn't support Desktop Applications/Windows bases applications.
- No official support.
- Appium is an open source test automation framework for use with native, hybrid and mobile web apps.
Page Object Model
- Page Object Model is a design pattern to create Object Repository for web UI elements.
- Under this model, for each web page in the application, there should be corresponding page class.
- This Page class will find the WebElements of that web page and also contains Page methods which perform operations on those WebElements.
- Page Factory is an inbuilt Page Object Model concept for Selenium WebDriver but it is very optimized.
- The FindBy annotation is used in place of the FindElement(s) method(s)
- The PageFactory.initElements(. ) is used to find the elements when the page object is being initialized.
Cucumber is a testing tool that supports Behavior Driven Development (BDD) framework. It defines application behavior using simple English text, defined by a language called Gherkin.
Cucumber is used to implement Behavior Driven Development (BDD).
- Behavior Driven Development gives us an opportunity to create test scripts from both the developer’s and the customer’s perspective as well.
- Describe the behavior
- Write step definition
- Run and fail
- Write code to make the step pass
- Run and pass
Gherkin is a plain English text language, which helps the tool - Cucumber to interpret and execute the test scripts.
A simple feature file consists of the following keywords/parts −
- Feature − Name of the feature under test.
- Description (optional) − Describe about feature under test.
- Scenario − What is the test scenario.
- Given − Prerequisite before the test steps get executed.
- Example − GIVEN I am a user
- Example − WHEN I enter ""
- Example − THEN login should be successful.
- Example − WHEN I enter my "" AND I enter my ""
Example Feature file:
Example Step Definition:
- Testing Frameworks are comprised of a combination of practices and tools that are designed to help QA professionals test more efficiently.
- TestNG is Test Next Generation and it is a testing framework that has more features compared to JUnit.
- Introduces "test groups" where user specified tests can be run without running all tests.
- Support for multi threaded testing.
- Supports annotations.
Setup with Maven
Creating a Simple Test
- Create a file called TestNGSimpleTest.java (File name MUST match class name)
- Type in the following into the created file.
Running the Simple Test
- Create a file called testng.xml (File name can be anything but must have .xml file type)
- Type in the following into the created file.
- Run this file in your IDE (such as IntelliJ IDEA or Eclipse) or Run TestNGSimpleTest class.
- The results will be output into a folder called test-output.
These are contained in the org.testng.annotations package:
- @BeforeSuite = This annotation will only run the method below it once before all tests in the suite have run.
- @AfterSuite = This annotation will only run the method below it once after all tests in the suite have run.
- @BeforeClass = This annotation will only run the method below it once before the current class is run.
- @AfterClass = This annotation will only run the method below it once after the current class has run.
- @BeforeTest = This annotation will only run the method below it before every test.
- @AfterTest = This annotation will only run the method below it after every test.
- @BeforeMethod = The annotated method will be run before each test method.
- @AfterMethod = The annotated method will be run after each test method.
- @DataProvider = This annotation marks the method below it as supplying data for a test method. The annotated method MUST return an Object[][]. The @Test method that wants to receive data from this DataProvider needs to use a dataProvider name equal to the name of the method that was annotated with @DataProvider.
- @Factory = This annotation marks the method below it as a factory that returns objects that will be used by TestNG as Test classes. This method MUST return Object[].
- @Listeners = Defines listeners on a test class (Listeners are third-party report generating tools)
- @Parameters = Describes how to pass parameters to a @Test method.
- @Test = This annotation marks a class or method as a part of the test.
Order of Execution for TestNG Annotations
- BeforeSuite
- BeforeTest
- BeforeClass
- BeforeMethod
- Test
- AfterMethod
- AfterClass
- AfterTest
- AfterSuite
Groups can also be grouped and some groups can be excluded.
With Data Providers:
Robot Framework is a generic open source automation framework for acceptance testing, acceptance test driven development (ATDD), and robotic process automation (RPA).
Utilizes the keyword-driven testing approach.
Example Test Case:
JUnit is an open source Unit Testing Framework for JAVA. It is useful for Java Developers to write and run repeatable tests.
Вместо того, чтобы давать книжное определение структуры, давайте рассмотрим пример.
Я уверен, что вы посетили семинар / лекцию / конференцию, где участников попросили соблюдать следующие рекомендации:
- Участники должны занять свое место за 5 минут до начала лекции
- Возьмите с собой блокнот и ручку для заметок.
- Прочитайте реферат, чтобы иметь представление о том, о чем будет презентация.
- Мобильные телефоны должны быть отключены
- Используйте выходные ворота на противоположном конце к динамику, если вам нужно оставить в середине лекции.
- Вопросы будут приняты в конце сессии
Как вы думаете, вы можете провести семинар БЕЗ соблюдения этих рекомендаций?
Ответ большой ДА! Конечно, вы можете провести семинар / лекцию / конференцию / демонстрацию без вышеуказанных рекомендаций (на самом деле некоторые из нас не будут следовать им, даже если они заложены … 🙂
Но если руководствоваться руководящими принципами, это приведет к благоприятному результату, такому как уменьшение отвлечения аудитории во время лекции и увеличение удержания участников и понимания предмета.
Исходя из вышеизложенного, структуру можно определить как набор руководящих принципов, которые при соблюдении приводят к полезным результатам.
Недостатки
- Для планирования и подготовки как тестовых сценариев, так и тестовых данных требуется больше времени
преимущества
- Более высокий уровень повторного использования кода достигается в структурированных сценариях по сравнению с «Запись и воспроизведение»
- Сценарии автоматизации менее затратны в разработке из-за повторного использования кода
- Более простое обслуживание скриптов
Что такое TEST Automation Framework?
Набор руководящих принципов, таких как стандарты кодирования, обработка тестовых данных, обработка репозитория объектов и т. Д., Которые при выполнении сценариев автоматизации дают полезные результаты, такие как увеличение повторного использования кода, повышение переносимости, снижение затрат на обслуживание сценария и т. Д. Обратите внимание, что это всего лишь руководящие принципы, а не правила; они не являются обязательными, и вы все еще можете писать сценарии, не следуя инструкциям. Но вы упустите преимущества наличия Framework.
Disadvantages
- Initial investment being pretty high, the benefits of this can only be realized if the application is considerably big and the test scripts are to be maintained for quite a few years.
- High Automation expertise is required to create the Keyword Driven Framework.
NOTE : Even though Micro Focus UFT advertises itself as KeyWord Driven Framework, you can not achieve complete test tool and application idependence using HP UFT.
3) Механизм тестирования на основе данных.
В этом контексте, в то время как Case Тест — логики в тестовые сценарии, тестовые данные разделены и хранятся вне тестовых сценариев. Данные теста считываются из внешних файлов (файлы Excel, текстовые файлы, файлы CSV, источники ODBC, объекты DAO, объекты ADO) и загружаются в переменные внутри сценария тестирования. Переменные используются как для входных значений, так и для значений проверки. Сами тестовые сценарии готовятся либо с использованием линейных сценариев, либо с помощью библиотеки тестовых сред.
Пример: разработка сценария входа в систему бронирования с использованием этого метода будет включать два этапа.
Шаг 1) Создайте тест — файл данных, который может быть Excel, CSV или любым другим источником базы данных.
Имя агента
пароль
Шаг 2) Разработайте тестовый скрипт и сделайте ссылки на ваш источник тестовых данных.
Типы Automation Framework
1) Линейные сценарии
2) Архитектура архитектуры библиотеки тестов.
3) Механизм тестирования на основе данных .
4) Механизм тестирования на основе ключевых слов или таблиц.
5) Гибридная среда автоматизации тестирования.Давайте посмотрим на них подробно —
преимущества
- Самый быстрый способ создать скрипт
- Экспертиза автоматизации не требуется
- Самый простой способ изучить возможности инструмента тестирования
Business Process Testing (BPT)
Эта структура разбивает большие бизнес-процессы на компоненты, которые могут многократно использоваться в одном и том же или разных сценариях тестирования. Например, бизнес-процесс бронирования рейса делится на такие компоненты, как вход в систему, поиск рейсов, бронирование, оплата и выход из системы, которые можно повторно использовать в одном бизнес-процессе или в разных процессах. Кроме того, BPT способствует более тесной координации между МСП и инженерами автоматизации.
The project is blank, and not able to run this project. I searched for the solution and didn't find any proper solution.
I came across this answer https://stackoverflow.com/a/18394291/5093415 , but according to this, in my case "Android Support Repository" is already been installed in sdk manager. This solution doesn't help me.
Any help is appreciated.Thanks.
5) The Hybrid Test Automation Framework.
As the name suggests this framework is the combination of one or more frameworks discussed above pulling from their strengths and trying to mitigate their weaknesses. This hybrid test automation framework is what most frameworks evolve into over time and multiple projects. Maximum industry uses Keyword Framework in a combination of Function decomposition method.
PS: Other Frameworks worth a mention are
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I am trying to understand the difference between automation frameworks and automation testing tools. According to Test Automation in wikipedia a tool is dependent on the environment whereas a framework provides the structure for running the tool.
However, we have White which interacts with windows applications, then Selenium which works on browsers for web based applications. We call both of these "frameworks" but they both need to be run using a testing framework like NUnit or JUnit. So I feel they should be called tools because of this.
How exactly do we differentiate between an automation testing tool and an automation framework?
"Framework" means you have to do work to fill in the blanks. "Tool" means it does most of the work. The marketing people ignore the facts and decide what they think is neat to call it.
I Isuspect that attempting to classify these in black and white categories isn't very helpful. The right question to ask is, "how much work does it take to configure, and how benefit do I get?"
1) Линейные сценарии — запись и воспроизведение
Он является самым простым из всех фреймворков и также известен как «Запись и воспроизведение». В этом фреймворке Tester вручную записывает каждый шаг (навигация и пользовательские входы), вставляет контрольные точки (этапы проверки) в первом раунде. Затем он воспроизводит записанный сценарий в последующих раундах.
Пример: рассмотрите возможность входа в приложение для бронирования рейса и проверки, загрузилось ли приложение при успешном входе в систему. Здесь тестер просто запишет шаги и добавит шаги проверки.
преимущества
- Изменения в тестовых скриптах не влияют на тестовые данные
- Тестовые случаи могут быть выполнены с несколькими наборами данных
- Разнообразие тестовых сценариев можно выполнить, просто изменив тестовые данные во внешнем файле данных.
Test Modularity Framework
In this framework, a common task in test script are grouped together as Modules.
Ex: Using Actions in QTP use can create a Modualr Scripts
Sample Script for Login
Now you can call this Action in the main script as follows —
8 Answers 8
Following these instructions, they worked for me
- Press CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+S. Or Go to File>Project Structure
- Go to Project Setting >Facets.
- Click + button and add Android-gradle.
- Select your project name.
- Click Apply and Ok.
- Close your project and reopen.
- Wait until gradle finishes build your project.
Maybe you have to import the project properly and not just opening?
Goto to File > New Project > Import Project and browse for the project.
You might have just opened the wrong folder, like the folder ABOVE the project folder. (What I did.) Android Studio will create a .idea folder and open an empty project. If this is the case, delete the created .idea folder and select File>Open and navigate to the correct project folder.
NO need to play with your project files..
- Close all currently opened projects in Android Studio
- Restart studio, select "Import project (Eclipse ADT, Gradle, etc.)" (studio ver:2.1.2)
If Android Studio notices a difference in the path to the android SDK folder on disk and the path mentioned in your local.properties file, it will prompt and upon confirmation update the path in local.properties. I think you local.properties file is not retaining the change in SDK path once you close the project. Check you check if something is reverting the changes.
Also, try saving the local.properties file manually after updating the sdk.dir property with correct path..
It looks like this in the local.properties file.
I've noticed this error once in a while as well, What helped for me is file -> close project and then re-open.
If anybody finds like me that none of the suggested solutions fix this problem then a simple Invalidate Caches / Restart could fix the issue.
I struggled with this problem for months on just the one project, every time I wanted to work on it I had to remove and re-import the project.
Adding under facets didn't work for me. What did: Right click on your project in the Project pane on the left > Open Module Settings > Modules > Click the + to add a module > Android-Gradle
I also needed to modify some of the paths listed for the manifest/resources/assets etc in my Android module
Advantages
- Provides high code re-usability
- Test Tool Independent
- Independent of Application Under Test, the same script works for AUT (with some limitations)
- Tests can be designed with or without AUT
Недостатки
- Техническая экспертиза необходима для написания сценариев с использованием Test Library Framework.
- Для планирования и подготовки сценариев тестирования требуется больше времени.
- Тестовые данные жестко закодированы в скриптах
2) Архитектура тестовой библиотеки.
Он также известен как «структурированные сценарии» или «функциональная декомпозиция».
В этой среде тестовые сценарии первоначально записываются методом «Запись и воспроизведение». Позже общие задачи внутри сценариев идентифицируются и группируются в функции. Эти функции вызываются основным тестовым скриптом под названием Driver различными способами для создания тестовых случаев.
Пример: Используя тот же пример, что и выше, функция входа в Flight Reservation будет выглядеть следующим образом.
Теперь вы вызовете эту функцию в основном скрипте следующим образом
4) Механизм тестирования на основе ключевых слов или таблиц.
Платформа Keyword-Driven или Table-Driven требует разработки таблиц данных и ключевых слов, независимо от инструмента автоматизации тестирования, используемого для их выполнения. Тесты могут быть разработаны с или без приложения. В тесте на основе ключевых слов функциональность тестируемого приложения документируется в таблице, а также в пошаговых инструкциях для каждого теста.
Есть 3 основных компонента Keyword Driven Framework, а именно. Ключевое слово, Карта приложения, Функция компонента.
Что такое ключевое слово?
Ключевое слово — это действие, которое можно выполнить с компонентом графического интерфейса. Пример Для текстового поля компонента GUI некоторые ключевые слова (действие) будут InputText, VerifyValue, VerifyProperty и так далее.
Что такое карта приложений?
Карта приложения предоставляет именованные ссылки для компонентов графического интерфейса. Карты приложений — это не что иное, как « Репозиторий объектов »
Что такое функция компонента?
Функции компонента — это те функции, которые активно манипулируют или опрашивают компонент GUI. Примером функции может быть нажатие на веб-кнопку со всей обработкой ошибок, ввод данных в веб-редактировании со всей обработкой ошибок. Функции компонентов могут зависеть от приложения или быть независимыми.
Пример : Чтобы понять представление ключевых слов, давайте возьмем тот же пример. Это включает 2 шага
Шаг 1. Создание таблицы данных (отличается от таблицы тестовых данных, созданной в Data Driven Framework). Эта таблица данных содержит действие, которое должно быть выполнено над объектами GUI, и соответствующие аргументы, если таковые имеются. Каждый ряд представляет один шаг теста.
объект
(Приложение MAP)
действие
(Ключевые слова)
аргументация
Шаг 2 : Написание кода в виде функций компонента.
После того, как вы создали свои таблицы данных, вы просто пишете программу или набор сценариев, которые читают на каждом шаге, выполняют этот шаг на основе ключевого слова, содержащегося в поле «Действие», выполняют проверку ошибок и регистрируют любую соответствующую информацию. Эта программа или набор сценариев будут выглядеть аналогично псевдокоду ниже:
Thats all to Keyword Driven Framework.
The advantage of Keyword Driven Framework is that the Keywords are re-usable. To understand this consider you want to verify login operation for a Website say YAHOO MAIL. The table will look like this —
Object
(APPLICATION MAP)Action
(KEYWORD)Argument WebEdit(UserName) Set abc@yahoo.com WebEdit(Password) Set xxxxx WebButton(OK) Click Window(Yahoo Mail) Verify Loads If you observe in this case the Keywords Set , Click , Verify remain the same for which corresponding component functions are already developed. All you need to do is change the Application Mapping (Object Repository) from earlier Flight Reservation to Yahoo Mail , with a change in argument values and the same script will work!
Недостатки
- Небольшое повторное использование скриптов
- Тестовые данные жестко запрограммированы в скрипте
- Технический Кошмар
7 Answers 7
I now have better working experience on this and feel I can answer this myself. Basically a framework:
- provides a list of common library of functions,
- generates logs,
- provides the use of config files to make typical setting changes,
- and separates user test data from the code so that we are not hardcoding the actual test code,
- serves as a layer between the actual testing code and the raw language code. This allows makes maintaining the actual testing code much easier and simpler so that the engineer can make changes/fixes much more efficiently,
- separates the raw code from the testing code so that if general changes occur in the product then only selected functions can be modified instead of having it affect all the tests.
Now, in my original query, White was indeed a framework.
-
The reason is that if we try to "run" White it won't do anything by itself. It is just providing us some functions that we can call and get the job done.
but they both need to be run using a testing framework
thus implying that White needs to use NUnit or it is useless. I was wrong. White need NOT use a testing framework necessarily. We can also write basic procedural code that makes use of only white and nothing else and still it could do some meaninful task.
The testing framework that we added (NUnit) is only used to accomplish another separate goal (to keep track of different parts of the code (called tests) and to generate a final report of which tests passed/failed.
3. I also mentioned that
but they both need to be run using a testing framework like NUnit or JUnit. So I feel they should be called tools because of this.
Here the misconception is the idea that "if it's using a framework then it must be a tool". The correct idea is that a framework can allow us to do some task and it can still use another framework to allow us to do even more tasks. For example, I'm using White framework to automate the windows dialogs. Now I add Log4j framework to add functionality for my own logs. Next I add a unit testing framework so that we can run the code (which uses both the previous frameworks) in the form of tests and generate results. Next, I add PNUnit framework and can now run the tests in parallel. See the idea?
Now the tools - these are nothing but the utilities that we are using while using the actual code - the code that will make use of all the above frameworks to do some actual worthwhile task. It could be the IDE or the platform which allows executing the code.
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- Benefits include:
- Defect-tracking is built into source control management environments but often times businesses will outgrow the abilities of these systems.
- This allows teams of developers to keep track of bugs, problems, issues, and other change requests.