Обновление прошивки модема mikrotik
It is suggested to always keep your RouterOS installation up to date, MikroTik always keeps adding new functionality and improving performance and stability by releasing updates.
Note: Take a look at our new documentation!
Contents
Automatic upgrade
Note: Do not unplug power while router is being upgraded.
The automatic upgrade feature connects to the MikroTik download servers, and checks if there is a new RouterOS version for your device. If yes, a changelog is displayed, and Upgrade button is shown. Clicking the upgrade button, software packages are automatically downloaded, and device will be rebooted. Even if you have a custom set of packages installed, only the correct packages will be downloaded.
Note: If you are running v5.25 or older, the system will only auto-upgrade to the most recent version of the v5 major version release and not up to v6.20. Manual upgrade is needed in this case.
Upgrade button in QuickSet:
Upgrade button in the Packages menu:
After clicking the Upgrade button, Changelog is shown:
By clicking "Download & Upgrade", downloads will start, and router will reboot. After the reboot, your router will be running the latest RouterOS version. You can then click the Upgrade button again, to confirm that your router is running the latest RouterOS.
RouterOS version release chains
When upgrading RouterOS, you can choose a release chain from which to install the new packages. For mission critical installations, bugfixes-only release chain is suggested, as it does not include freshly added new features and is kept for a long time on the download page, with only critical fixes applied to it.
- Bugfixed-only version is the most stable release without new features, just most important fixes. Updated rarely, only when a critical issue is found in a bugfixes-only release.
- Current includes the same fixes plus improvements and new features. Once a current release has been tested for several months, it is promoted to bugfix-only and is no longer updated with features.
- Release candidate released a few times per week. Includes newest features, released without intensive testing. Not recommended for production.
Note: Since RouterOS v6.44beta6 release channels have been renamed - "bugfix" to "long-term", "current" to "stable" and "release candidate" to "testing".
Manual upgrade methods
You can upgrade RouterOS in the following ways:
- Winbox – drag and drop files to the Files menu
- WebFig - upload files from Files menu
- FTP - upload files to root directory
- The Dude – See manual here
Note: RouterOS cannot be upgraded through serial cable. Using this method only RouterBOOT can be upgraded.
Upgrade process
Using Winbox
Choose your system type, and download the upgrade package:
Connect to your router with Winbox, Select the downloaded file with your mouse, and drag it to the Files menu. If there are some files already present, make sure to put the package in the root menu, not inside the hotspot folder!:
The upload will start:
After it finishes - REBOOT and that's all! The New version number will be seen in the Winbox Title and in the Packages menu
Using FTP
- Open your favourite FTP program (in this case it is Filezilla), select the package and upload it to your router (demo2.mt.lv is the address of my router in this example). note that in the image I'm uploading many packages, but in your case - you will have one file that contains them all
- if you wish, you can check if the file is successfully transferred onto the router (optional):
- and reboot your router for the upgrade process to begin:
- after the reboot, your router will be up to date, you can check it in this menu:
- if your router did not upgrade correctly, make sure you check the log
RouterOS massive auto-upgrade
You can upgrade multiple MikroTik routers within few clicks. Let's have a look on simple network with 3 routers (the same method works on networks with infinite numbers of routers),
RouterOS auto-upgrade
Sub-menu: /system package update
RouterOS version 6 has new auto upgrade option. RouterOS checks amazon servers for information if new version is available and upgrades after upgrade command is executed. You can automate the upgrade process by running a script in the scheduler:
Older options
RouterOS can download software packages from a remote MikroTik router.
- Make one router as network upgrade central point, that will update MikroTik RouterOS on other routers.
- Upload necessary RouterOS packages to this router (in the example, mipsbe for RB751U and powerpc for RB1100AHx2).
- Add upgrade router (192.168.100.1) information to a router that you want to update (192.168.100.253), required settings IP address/Username/Password
- Click on Refresh to see available packages, download newest packages and reboot the router to finalize the upgrade.
The Dude auto-upgrade
Dude application can help you to upgrade entire RouterOS network with one click per router.
- Set type RouterOS and correct password for any device on your Dude map, that you want to upgrade automatically,
- Upload required RouterOS packages to Dude files,
- Upgrade RouterOS version on devices from RouterOS list. Upgrade process is automatic, after click on upgrade (or force upgrade), package will be uploaded and router will be rebooted by the Dude automatically.
The Dude hierarchical upgrade
For complicated networks, when routers are connected sequentially, the simplest example is 1router-2router-3router connection. You might get an issue, 2router will go to reboot before packages are uploaded to the 3router. The solution is Dude groups, the feature allows to group routers and upgrade all of them by one click!
- Select group and click Upgrade (or Force Upgrade),
License issues
When upgrading from older versions, there could be issues with your license key. Possible scenarios:
- When upgrading from RouterOS v2.8 or older, the system might complain about expired upgrade time. To override this, use Netinstall to upgrade. Netinstall will ignore old license restriction and will upgrade
- When upgrading to RouterOS v4 or newer, the system will ask you to update license to a new format. To do this, ensure your Winbox PC (not the router) has a working internet connection without any restrictions to reach www.mikrotik.com and click "update license" in the license menu.
Version numbering
RouterOS versions are numbered sequentially, when a period is used to separate sequences, it does not represent a decimal point, and the sequences do not have positional significance. An identifier of 2.5, for instance, is not "two and a half" or "half way to version three", it is the fifth second-level revision of the second first-level revision. Therefore v5.2 is older than v5.18, which is newer.
RouterOS versions are released in several "release chains": Long-term, Stable and Beta.
- Beta: Released every few days, only undergoes basic internal testing, should not be used in production
- Stable: Released every few weeks, includes all tested features and fixes
- Long term: Released rarely, and includes only the most important fixes, upgrades within one number branch not add new features. When a Stable release has been out for a while and seems to be stable enough, it gets promoted into the Long Term branch, replacing an older release, which is then moved to Archive. This consecutively adds new features.
Suggestions
When using a RouterBOARD device, it is always suggested to upgrade it's RouterBOOT bootloader after RouterOS is upgraded. To do this, issue the command "/system routerboard upgrade"
MikroTik devices are preinstalled with RouterOS, so installation is usually not needed, except in the case where installing RouterOS on an x86 PC. The upgrade procedure on already installed devices is straight forward.
Version numbering
RouterOS versions are numbered sequentially when a period is used to separate sequences, it does not represent a decimal point, and the sequences do not have positional significance. An identifier of 2.5, for instance, is not "two and a half" or "half way to version three", it is the fifth second-level revision of the second first-level revision. Therefore v5.2 is older than v5.18, which is newer.
RouterOS versions are released in several "release chains": Long-term, Stable and Beta. When upgrading RouterOS, you can choose a release chain from which to install the new packages.
- Long term: Released rarely, and includes only the most important fixes, upgrades within one number branch not add new features. When a Stable release has been out for a while and seems to be stable enough, it gets promoted into the Long Term branch, replacing an older release, which is then moved to Archive. This consecutively adds new features.
- Stable: Released every few weeks, includes all tested features and fixes
- Testing: Released every few days, only undergoes basic internal testing, should not be used in production
Standard upgrade
The package upgrade feature connects to the MikroTik download servers and checks if there is a new RouterOS version for your device.
After clicking the Upgrade button in QuickSet or in Packages menu upgrade window will open with current Changelog (if newer version exists) and buttons to download and install latest versions.
By clicking "Download & Upgrade", downloads will start and after successful download will reboot to install downloaded packages. Even if custom packages are installed, downloader will take that into account and download all necessary packages.
Manual upgrade
You can upgrade RouterOS in the following ways:
- Winbox – drag and drop files to the Files menu
- WebFig - upload files from Files menu
- FTP - upload files to root directory
- The Dude – See manual here
RouterOS cannot be upgraded through a serial cable. Only RouterBOOT is upgradeable using this method.
Manual upgrade process
Using Winbox
Choose your system type, and download the upgrade package. Connect to your router with Winbox, Select the downloaded file with your mouse, and drag it to the Files menu. If there are some files already present, make sure to put the package in the root menu, not inside the hotspot folder! The upload will start.
After it finishes - reboot the device. The New version number will be seen in the Winbox Title and in the Packages menu
Using FTP
- Open your favourite FTP program (in this case it is Filezilla), select the package and upload it to your router (demo2.mt.lv is the address of my router in this example). note that in the image I'm uploading many packages, but in your case - you will have one file that contains them all
- if you wish, you can check if the file is successfully transferred onto the router (optional):
- reboot your router for the upgrade process to begin:
- after the reboot, your router will be up to date, you can check it in this menu:
- if your router did not upgrade correctly, make sure you check the log
RouterOS mass upgrade
You can upgrade multiple MikroTik routers within few clicks. Let's have a look on simple network with 3 routers (the same method works on networks with infinite numbers of routers),
RouterOS auto-upgrade
Sub-menu: /system package update
RouterOS version 6 has new auto upgrade option. RouterOS checks amazon servers for information if new version is available and upgrades after upgrade command is executed. You can automate the upgrade process by running a script in the scheduler:
RouterOS can download software packages from a remote MikroTik router.
- Make one router as a network upgrade central point, that will update MikroTik RouterOS on other routers.
- Upload necessary RouterOS packages to this router (in the example, mipsbe for RB751U and PowerPC for RB1100AHx2).
- Add upgrade router (192.168.100.1) information to a router that you want to update (192.168.100.253), required settings IP address/Username/Password
- Click on refresh to see available packages, download the newest packages and reboot the router to finalize the upgrade.
The Dude auto-upgrade
Dude application can help you to upgrade the entire RouterOS network with one click per router.
- Set type RouterOS and correct password for any device on your Dude map, that you want to upgrade automatically,
- Upload required RouterOS packages to Dude files
- Upgrade RouterOS version on devices from RouterOS list. Upgrade process is automatic, after a click on upgrade (or force upgrade), the package will be uploaded and the router will be rebooted by the Dude automatically.
The Dude hierarchical upgrade
For complicated networks, when routers are connected sequentially, the simplest example is 1router-2router-3router connection. You might get an issue, 2router will go to reboot before packages are uploaded to the 3router. The solution is Dude groups, the feature allows to group routers and upgrade all of them by one click!
- Select group and click Upgrade (or Force Upgrade),
License issues
When upgrading from older versions, there could be issues with your license key. Possible scenarios:
- When upgrading from RouterOS v2.8 or older, the system might complain about expired upgrade time. To override this, use Netinstall to upgrade. Netinstall will ignore old license restriction and will upgrade
- When upgrading to RouterOS v4 or newer, the system will ask you to update license to a new format. To do this, ensure your Winbox PC (not the router) has a working internet connection without any restrictions to reach www.mikrotik.com and click "update license" in the license menu.
Suggestions
When using a RouterBOARD device, it is always suggested to upgrade it's RouterBOOT bootloader after RouterOS is upgraded. To do this, issue the command "/system routerboard upgrade"
NetInstall is the most commonly used installation tool. It runs on Windows machines or Linux with Wine ( superuser permissions are required).
NetInstall is also used to re-install RouterOS in cases where the previous install failed, became damaged or access passwords were lost.
Your device must support booting from ethernet, and there must be a direct ethernet link from the NetInstall computer to the target device. All RouterBOARDs support PXE network booting, it must be either enabled inside RouterOS "routerboard" menu if RouterOS is operable or in the bootloader settings. For this you will need a serial cable.
Note: For RouterBOARD devices with no serial port, and no RouterOS access, the reset button can also start PXE booting mode. See your RouterBOARD manual PDF for details.
NetInstall can also directly install RouterOS on a disk (USB/CF/IDE/SATA) that is connected to the Netinstall Windows machine. After installation just move the disk to the Router machine and boot from it.
User Interface
The following options are available in the NetInstall window:
Attention! Do not try to install RouterOS on your system drive. Action will format your hard drive and wipe out your existing OS.
RouterOS supports a lot of different features and since every installation requires a specific set of features supported it is possible to add or remove certain groups of features using the package system. As a result user is able to control what features are available and the size of the installation. Packages are provided only by MikroTik and no 3rd parties are allowed to make them.
List of packages
Package | Description |
---|---|
advanced tools | Package contains advanced tools like netwatch, ip scan, wake on lan and others. |
calea | Data gathering tool for specific use due to "Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act" in USA. |
dhcp | Dynamic Host Control Protocol client and server. |
gps | Global Positioning System devices support. |
hotspot | |
ipv6 | |
mpls | Multi-protocol label switching support |
multicast | Multicast PIM and IGMP proxy support |
ntp | Network time protocol service |
ppp | Enables all ppp type tunnel support (pppoe, sstp, pptp etc.) |
routerboard | Allows to access and manage RouterBOARD specific settings. |
routing | Dynamic routing protocols (OSPF, RIP, BGP) |
security | Ipsec, SSH, secure winbox |
system | RouterOS core package, enables basic routing, firewall, interface drivers etc. RouterOS cannot run without this package |
ups | |
user-manager | MikroTik's RADIUS server |
wireless | Enables wireless drivers |
wireless-fp | Enables wireless 802.11ac support |
isdn | |
lcd | 3rd party LCD pannel support. |
kvm | Enables KVM virtualization |
routeros | Combined RouterOS package. Includes system, hotspot, wireless, ppp, security, mpls, advanced-tools, dhcp, routerboard, ipv6, routing. |
Working with packages
Actions for executed commands will be applied only on restart. Until then, user can freely schedule or revert set actions.
Command | Description |
---|---|
disable | Schedule package to be disabled after next reboot. All features provided by package will not be accessible. |
downgrade | During reboot process router will try to force installation of uploaded packages on the router. Will prompt for reboot. |
Outputs information about installed packages (version, package state, planned state changes, build date etc.) | |
enable | Schedule package to be enabled after next reboot. |
uninstall | Schedule package to be removed from the router. |
unschedule | Remove scheduled task. |
For example list of available packages
Notice that we have wireless-fp package disabled and mpls package scheduled for disable
Необходимо поддерживать актуальность программного обеспечения во избежание использования уязвимостей, но многие на это «забивают».
Называть процедуру «Обновление прошивки» не совсем корректно, так как RouterOS полноценная операционная система.
Обновление RouterOS не такое простое, как кажется. Имеется разделение на RouterBOARD и Cloud Hosted Router, а так же отдельное обновление загрузчика на RouterBOARD.
Тип устройства
ARM 32bit набирает обороты
Либо в самом устройстве на верхней панели
Для RouterBOARD
Выбор ветки
- Long-term — самая стабильная ветка. Новые функции попадают после тестирования в ветке Stable. Всегда используйте её, за редким исключением можно перейти в Stable до каких-либо исправлений.
- Stable — ветка с новыми функциями, которые могут глючить.
- Testing — говорит сама за себя
- Development — ветка для тестирования совершенно новых функций
Обновление файлом
Не забывайте перед обновлением делать Backup!
А лучше настройте отказоустойчивость и обновляйтесь без простоя.
Скачивается нужный файл Main package формата .npk и перетаскивается в WinBox окно. Файл появится в меню Files
Перезагружаем устройство. В зависимости от типа процессора, время обновление может составлять до 180 секунд.
Обновление загрузчика
Не касается Router Hosted Router, так как у него нет загрузчика из-за работы в гипервизоре.
RouterBOARD обязательно нужно обновлять загрузчик.
System > RouterBOARD
Current Fimware должен быть равен Upgrade Fimware
Нажимаем кнопку Upgrade и перезагружаем.
Extra packages
Используется в исключительных случаях для экономии места. Установка только через NetInstall
Например на hAP lite флешка 8Мб и часто бывает не удается обновить. Решается путем отката на «худую» прошивку или установкой Extra пакета только нужных функций.
Если роутер MikroTik подключен к интернету, то проще всего обновить прошивку через меню Quick Set или меню System - Packages. Откройте в программе Winbox любое из этих меню и нажмите кнопку Check For Updates.
Обновление прошивки MikroTik RouterOS через меню Quick Set.
Обновление прошивки MikroTik RouterOS через меню System - Packages.
В следующем окне в списке Channel выберите из какой ветки взять новую прошивку.
MikroTik RouterOS имеет несколько веток с прошивками:
- long-term - самая надежная прошивка без новых функций.
В этой ветке прошивки тестируют более тщательно, исправляют найденные баги и критические уязвимости. Она больше подходит для организаций, где важна высокая надежность. - stable (по умолчанию) - стабильная прошивка с исправлениями, улучшениями и новыми функциями.
В этой ветке находятся хорошие прошивки, но они иногда включают специфические баги, которые могут стать критическими для крупных организаций. Для дома их можно ставить смело. - testing - включает самые новые функции, которые еще хорошо НЕ протестированы. Ставить только для тестирования новых функций. В организациях использовать нельзя.
- development - для разработчиков.
Далее нажмите кнопку Download&Install. После этого скачается прошивка и роутер перезагрузится для ее установки.
2. Ручное обновление прошивки
Обновить прошивку можно вручную. Для этого нужно скачать файл прошивки с официального сайта, скопировать его в роутер и перезагрузить устройство.
Перед обновлением MikroTik RouterOS посмотрите, какая версия операционной системы установлена в роутере.
Выберите меню NewTerminal и в открывшемся окне вы увидите версию RouterOS. В нашем случае в роутере установлена RouterOS версии 6.43.12.
Скачаем последнюю версию прошивки MikroTik RouterOS:
Приступим к прошивке роутера MikroTik:
- В программе WinBox откройте меню Files.
- Откройте на компьютере папку, в которую сохранили файл прошивки с расширением .npk.
- Перетащите кнопкой мыши файл прошивки в окно File List программы WinBox.
- Подождите, пока файл прошивки загрузится в роутер MikroTik.
- После загрузки, файл прошивки отобразится в окне File List.
- Далее перезагружаем роутер через меню System - Reboot.
После перезагрузки откройте меню NewTerminal и проверьте версию RouterOS.
Как видим, операционная система MikroTik RouterOS обновилась до версии 6.44.2.
Если по каким-то причинам вас не устраивает работа новой прошивки, можно откатиться к старой прошивке, прочитав статью Как вернуть старую прошивку MikroTik.
Если после обновления прошивки точка доступа или роутер MikroTik перестал загружаться, то его можно восстановить с помощью программы Netinstall. В этой статье мы расскажем, как это сделать.
Скачивание прошивки RouterOS и программы Netinstall
Для этого найдите название вашего устройства или серию, к которой оно относится. Далее в столбце (Current) напротив строки Main package нажмите иконку загрузки. После этого вы должны скачать файл с расширением *.npk
Опуститесь в самый низ странички, скачайте и распакуйте программу Netinstall.
Настройка сетевой карты компьютера
Присвойте сетевой карте компьютера статический адрес, например, 192.168.88.21.
Откройте меню «Пуск» → «Панель управления» → «Центр управления сетями и общим доступом».
Перейдите в «Изменение параметров адаптера».
Нажмите правой кнопкой мыши на «Подключение по локальной сети» и выберите «Свойства».
Нажмите на «Протокол Интернета версии 4 (TCP/IPv4)» и кнопку «Свойства».
Выберите «Использовать следующий адрес», пропишите IP-адрес 192.168.88.21, маска подсети 255.255.255.0 и нажимаете кнопку «OK».
Отключение брандмауэра и антивируса
Отключите на компьютере брандмауэр и антивирус, чтобы они не блокировали программу Netinstall.
Чтобы отключить брандмауэр, откройте меню «Пуск» - «Панель управления» и выберите «Брандмауэр Windows».
Слева в меню нажмите на «Включение и отключение брандмауэра Windows».
Выберите «Отключить брандмауэр Windows» и нажмите кнопку «OK».
Антивирус можно отключить через его значок справа внизу экрана. Например, что отключить антивирус Avast, нажмите на значок правой кнопкой мыши и выберите в меню «Управление экранами Avast» - «Отключить до перезапуска компьютера».
Подключение MikroTik к компьютеру
Подключите сетевой кабель в первый ethernet порт роутера MikroTik и в сетевую карту компьютера. Исключение составляют модели RB1100 / RB1200 и роутеры серии CCR. Их нужно подключать в последний ethernet порт.
Восстановление прошивки с помощью Netinstall
Теперь подключите сетевой кабель в любой ethernet порт роутера кроме первого (или кроме последнего на моделях RB1100, RB1200 и роутерах серии CCR). Запустите программу Winbox, подключитесь к устройству и выполняйте настройку.
В конце не забудьте включить брандмауэр, антивирус и настроить на сетевой карте компьютера автоматическое получение IP-адреса.
Программа Netinstall не видит MikroTik
Если на вашем компьютере установлены программы VMware или VirtualBox, отключите их виртуальные сетевые интерфейсы. Из-за них программа Netinstall может не видеть устройство.
Также бывает, что одна версия программы Netinstall видит устройство, а другая нет. Если у вас Netinstall не видит устройство, то попробуйте разные версии программы. Например, попробуйте скачать Netinstall с номером версии, который соответствует старой прошивке RouterOS, стоявшей на устройстве до обновления.
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